EMT impairs breast carcinoma cell susceptibility to CTL-mediated lysis through autophagy induction

Abstract

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has become one of the most exciting fields in cancer biology. While its role in cancer cell invasion, metastasis and drug resistance is well established, the molecular basis of EMT-induced immune escape remains unknown. We recently reported that EMT coordinately regulates target cell recognition and sensitivity to specific lysis. In addition to the well-characterized role for EMT in tumor phenotypic change including a tumor-initiating cell phenotype, we provided evidence indicating that EMT-induced tumor cell resistance to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) also correlates with autophagy induction. Silencing of BECN1 in target cells that have gone through the EMT restored CTL susceptibility to CTL-induced lysis. Although EMT may represent a critical target for the development of novel immunotherapy approaches, a more detailed understanding of the inter-relationship between EMT and autophagy and their reciprocal regulation will be a key determinant in the rational approach to future tumor immunotherapy design.

Keywords: autophagy; breast cancer; cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; epithelial mesenchymal transition.

Figure 1. The acquisition of an EMT phenotype in the context of microenvironmental stroma reactivity confers resistance to CTL-mediated lysis through autophagy induction.