Cardioprotective effect of saffron extract and safranal in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in wistar rats

Abstract

Objective(s): This study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) aqueous extract and safranal, the major constituent of the essential oil of saffron, on lipid peroxidation, biochemical parameters and histopathological findings in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats.

Materials and methods: The saffron extract (20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg/day IP) or control were administered for 9 days along with ISO (85 mg/kg, SC, at 24 hr interval) on 8th and 9th day in rats. Activities of creatine kinase-muscle, brain (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured using standard commercial kits. The level of malondialdehyde in heart tissue was estimated with thiobarbituric acid reactive species test. For histopathological examination, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used.

Results: ISO administration induced a statistically significant increase (P< 0.001) in serum LDH and CK-MB and a significant increase (P< 0.001) in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in the heart as compared to vehicle control rats. Saffron pretreatment (20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg IP) or safranal pretreatment (0.025, 0.050, 0.075 ml/kg IP) for 8 days, significantly decreased (P< 0.001) the serum LDH and CK-MB and myocardial lipid peroxidation as compared to ISO- induced rats. Histological findings of the heart sections confirmed myocardial injury with ISO administration and preserved nearly normal tissue architecture with saffron or safranal pretreatment.

Conclusion: Saffron and safranal may have cardioprotective effect in ISO-induced myocardial infarction through modulation of oxidative stress in such a way that they maintain the redox status of the cell.

Keywords: Crocus sativus; Isoproterenol; Lipid peroxidation; Myocardial infarction; Oxidative stress; Saffron; Safranal.

Figure 1

Effect of aqueous extract of saffron on level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. NS: Normal saline, ISO: isoproterenol. All values are expressed as mean±S.D. for each group (n=8/group). Significance was determined by One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer test. ###P<0.001 v.s vehicle treated ***P<0.001 versus isoproterenol-control

Figure 2

Effect of Safranal on level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. NS: Normal saline, ISO: isoproterenol. All values are expressed as mean±SD for each group (n= 8/group). Significance was determined by One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer test: ##P<0.001 v.s vehicle treated, ** ***P<0.001 v.s isoproterenol-control

Figure 3A

Light micrograph of vehicle treated rat heart showing normal architecture of myocytes (H&E, 200×) Figure 3B. Light micrograph of isoproterenol-control group heart showing (→) focal confluent necrosis of muscle fibers with inflammatory cell infiltration and edema (H&E, 100×)