Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2013 Jul-Aug;39(4):504-14.
doi: 10.1177/0145721713486837. Epub 2013 May 2.

Impact of reinforcement of diabetes self-care on poorly controlled diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Elizabeth A Beverly  1   2 , Shane M Fitzgerald  1 , Kelly M Brooks  1 , Brittney A Hultgren  1 , Om P Ganda  1 , Medha Munshi  2 , Katie Weinger  1   2
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Impact of reinforcement of diabetes self-care on poorly controlled diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Elizabeth A Beverly et al. Diabetes Educ. 2013 Jul-Aug.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the value of reinforcing diabetes self-management for improving glycemia and self-care among adults with type 2 diabetes who had at least 3 hours of prior diabetes education.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 134 participants (75% white, 51% female, 59 ± 9 years old, 13 ± 8 years with diabetes, A1C = 8.4% ± 1.2%) were randomized to either a group map-based program (intervention) or group education on cholesterol and blood pressure (control). Participants were assessed for A1C levels, diabetes self-care behaviors (3-day pedometer readings, 6-minute walk test, blood glucose checks, frequency of self-care), and psychosocial factors (distress, frustration, quality of life) at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months post intervention and health literacy at baseline.

Results: Groups did not differ on baseline characteristics including A1C levels, health literacy, or self-care; however, the intervention group had more years of education than controls. Intervention arm participants modestly improved A1C levels at 3 months post intervention but did not maintain that improvement at 6 and 12 months while control patients did not improve A1C levels at any time during follow-up. Importantly, frequency of self-reported self-care, diabetes quality of life, diabetes-related distress, and frustration with diabetes self-care improved in both groups over time.

Conclusions: Reinforcing self-care with diabetes education for patients who have not met glycemic targets helps improve A1C and could be considered a necessary component of ongoing diabetes care. The best method to accomplish reinforcement needs to be established.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: Om P. Ganda, MD has provided consulting services to Abbott; received payment for lectures from Merck, Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astra-Zeneca, and Daiichi-Sankyo; and has stock options with BMS. No other author has anything to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Conn VS, Hafdahl AR, Mehr DR, Lemaster JW, Brown SA, Nielsen PJ. Metabolic effects of interventions to increase exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2007 May;50(5):913–921. - PubMed
    1. Maiorana A, O'Driscoll G, Goodman C, Taylor R, Green D. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves glycemic control and fitness in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002 May;56(2):115–123. - PubMed
    1. Karter AJ, Ackerson LM, Darbinian JA, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and glycemic control: the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes registry*. The American Journal of Medicine. 2001;111(1):1–9. - PubMed
    1. Pi-Sunyer FX, Maggio CA, McCarron DA, et al. Multicenter randomized trial of a comprehensive prepared meal program in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999 Feb;22(2):191–197. - PubMed
    1. Jacobson AM, Adler AG, Derby L, Anderson BJ, Wolfsdorf JI. Clinic attendance and glycemic control Study of contrasting groups of patients with IDDM. Diabetes Care. 1991 Jul;14(7):599–601. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms