[Phototoxic and photoallergic reactions]

Abstract

Many artificial or naturally occurring substances are included under the term photosensitizer. After ultraviolet (UV) exposure such agents can lead to increased photosensitivity and subsequently to phototoxic or photoallergic reactions in the skin. From clinical observations and comprehensive studies typical reaction patterns can be deduced which can clarify the difference between phototoxic and photoallergic dermatitis.An illuminated epicutaneous test based on conventional epicutaneous tests, the photopatch test, was developed as a screening method for identification of photosensitizers. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the test is comparable to conventional epicutaneous testing. If possible photosensitizers do not cause any relevant reactions with the photopatch test, other test procedures, such as the photoprick, photoscratch and illuminated intracutaneous tests are available. If the actual photosensitizer is not the test substance but a metabolite of the test substance, a systemic photoprovocation test can be indicated.