Undergraduate surgery clerkship and the choice of surgery as a career: perspective from a developing country

Abstract

Background: There are concerns regarding a possible decline in the proportion of students choosing surgery as a career in some countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Published works indicate that most students choose their ultimate career during undergraduate training. The present study was undertaken to assess the medical student's perception of the surgery clerkship and determine its influence in the choice of surgery as a career.

Methods: The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 2009 and 2010 graduating medical classes of the University of Nigeria based on self-administered questionnaires. The clerkship evaluation was assessed on a 3-point Likert scale (1 = poor; 3 = excellent).

Results: The response rate was 70.3 % (275/391); 179 (65.1 %) of the students were males and 96 (34.9 %), females. Sixty-one (22.2 %) rated the overall quality of their surgery clerkship as excellent (mean rating = 2). Compared with the other three major clerkships, surgery has the lowest rating for overall quality (mean rating: surgery = 2; others = 2.2). Aspects of the clerkship experience that contributed to the overall lower rating of surgery include quality of opportunity to participate in direct patient care; clarity of posting goals and objectives; experience in learning history taking skills, basic physical examination skills, and interpretation of laboratory data; accessibility of faculty; and students' perception that they were treated in a respectful manner. The major suggestions to improve clerkship quality were these: (1) more involvement in direct patient care (n = 154; 56 %), and (2) improvement in student-faculty interaction (n = 9 1; 33.1 %). Overall, 96 (34.9 %) students selected surgery as a specialty, and 39.3 % (108/275) selected the other three major specialties. Surgery was selected by 17/48 (35.4 %), 59/166 (35.5 %), and 20/61 (32.8 %) students who rated the surgery clerkship as "poor," "just right," and "excellent," respectively (p = 0.876). Factors indicated as major influences in the choice of surgical specialty included personal satisfaction 41.7 % (40/96), clerkship experience 36.4 % (35/96), and diligence of faculty 13.5 % (13/96).

Conclusions: Periodic assessment of the satisfaction of medical students regarding their surgical clerkship experience is important. In our setting, we have identified aspects of the surgical clerkship that could be improved to enhance the quality of the experience, ensure the attractiveness of the field to the most qualified candidates, and boost interest in surgery as a career.