Outcomes in critical care delivery at Jimma University Specialised Hospital, Ethiopia

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess outcomes following intensive care unit (ICU) admissions at Jimma University Specialised Hospital, Ethiopia. This was a retrospective observational study. Data were collected regarding all ICU admissions and discharges during a 12-month period beginning August 2011. Demographic data and information regarding diagnosis, length-of-stay and outcome were gathered and data analysed. There were 370 admissions to the ICU during the study period. Median age (interquartile range) was 32.0 (22.0-47.0) years and 56.2% were males. The median length-of-stay (interquartile range) was 3.0 (1.0-7.0) days. The overall ICU mortality rate was 50.4% and major causes included trauma, cardiac disease, acute abdominal presentations, septic shock, tetanus and hysterectomy secondary to uterine rupture. Medical diagnoses accounted for 50.1% of admissions followed by surgery (43.2%) and obstetrics (5.8%). Corresponding mortality rates were 53.6, 48.0 and 42.9%, respectively. The main cause for surgical admission was trauma, with head injury carrying a mortality of 52.1%. The principal cause for medical admission was cardiac disease. In children, trauma, upper airway obstruction and communicable diseases were most common. Critical care mortality rates at this Ethiopian university hospital reflect the challenges facing critical care delivery in the developing world. Delayed presentation to hospital secondary to poor access to healthcare plays a predominant role. This is confounded by inadequate staffing, training, diagnostic and interventional limitations. Despite resource restraints, simple cost-effective measures may improve morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: developing countries; intensive care: outcomes; mortality.