Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk in chemotherapy-treated testicular germ cell tumour survivors

Abstract

Background: Testicular cancer patients have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which might be related to the increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this group of patients.

Methods: We assessed the prevalence of MetS and calculated the 10-year CVD risk in a cohort of 255 testicular germ cell tumour survivors (median age, 38.7 years; interquartile range, 31-48) at a mean of 7.8 years after anti-cancer treatment, and compared these with data obtained from 360 healthy men.

Results: Survivors had an age-adjusted increased risk for MetS of 1.9 compared with that of healthy controls. The risk for MetS was highest in survivors treated with combination chemotherapy (CT) 2.3 (Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program classification) and 2.2 (International Diabetes Federation classification). The risk of MetS was especially increased in survivors with testosterone levels in the lowest quartile (OR, 2.5). Ten-year cardiovascular risk as assessed by the Framingham Risk Score (3.0%) and Systemic Coronary Risk Evaluation (1.7%) algorithms was low, independent of treatment, and was comparable to controls.

Conclusion: Testicular germ cell tumour survivors have an increased prevalence of MetS, with hypogonadism and CT treatment being clear risk factors for the development of the syndrome. The increased prevalence of MetS was not associated with an increased 10-year cardiovascular risk.

Figure 1

Flowchart inclusion of GCT patients. Major events (dates of diagnosis and mortality of CVD, defined as coronary heart disease, but not as stroke or peripheral artery disease, and date of most recent medical information, vital status during follow-up, and discharge), including annual verification of mortality and cause of death from hospital medical records, general practitioner, and municipal and national cancer data records were retrieved from the cancer registry and medical.