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. 2013 Jul;208(1):10-6.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit143. Epub 2013 May 8.

Waning of maternal antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in communities with contrasting vaccination coverage

Sandra Waaijenborg  1 , Susan J M Hahné, Liesbeth Mollema, Gaby P Smits, Guy A M Berbers, Fiona R M van der Klis, Hester E de Melker, Jacco Wallinga
Affiliations

Waning of maternal antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in communities with contrasting vaccination coverage

Sandra Waaijenborg et al. J Infect Dis. 2013 Jul.

Abstract

Background: The combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been successfully administered for >20 years. Because of this, protection by maternal antibodies in infants born to vaccinated mothers might be negatively affected.

Methods: A large cross-sectional serologic survey was conducted in the Netherlands during 2006-2007. We compared the kinetics of antibody concentrations in children and women of childbearing age in the highly vaccinated general population with those in orthodox Protestant communities that were exposed to outbreaks.

Results: The estimated duration of protection by maternal antibodies among infants in the general population, most of whom were born to vaccinated mothers, was short: 3.3 months for measles, 2.7 months for mumps, 3.9 months for rubella, and 3.4 months for varicella. The duration of protection against measles was 2 months longer for infants born in the orthodox communities, most of whom had unvaccinated mothers. For rubella, mothers in the orthodox communities had higher concentrations of antibodies as compared to the general population.

Conclusion: Children of mothers vaccinated against measles and, possibly, rubella have lower concentrations of maternal antibodies and lose protection by maternal antibodies at an earlier age than children of mothers in communities that oppose vaccination. This increases the risk of disease transmission in highly vaccinated populations.

Keywords: MMR vaccination; maternal antibodies; waning.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Immunoglobulin G concentrations, by age, against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella among individuals aged 0–24 months. Red markers represent individuals with maternal antibodies who did not seroconvert, and blue markers represent individuals who seroconverted. Dots represent individuals in the orthodox Protestant community, and pluses represent individuals in the general population. Grey horizontal lines indicate the diagnostic cutoffs below which individuals are susceptible to infection. Black lines represent the fitted model for antibody kinetics; with the dashed line indicating age-specific antibody level for orthodox Protestant individuals, and the solid lines indicating the age-speciic antibody level for individuals from the general population, respectively. The inset shows a wider age range; the grey dots are female participants who are not included in the analysis.
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