Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2013 Apr 3;2(4):66-9.
doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.24.2000147. Print 2013.

The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ): Development and validation of a summary index score

D Morley  1 , C Jenkinson, H Doll, G Lavis, R Sharp, P Cooke, J Dawson
Affiliations

The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ): Development and validation of a summary index score

D Morley et al. Bone Joint Res. .

Abstract

Objectives: The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) is a validated 16-item, patient-reported outcome measure for evaluating outcomes of foot or ankle surgery. The original development of the instrument identified three domains. This present study examined whether the three domains could legitimately be summed to provide a single summary index score.

Methods: The MOXFQ and Short-Form (SF)-36 were administered to 671 patients before surgery of the foot or ankle. Data from the three domains of the MOXFQ (pain, walking/standing and social interaction) were subjected to higher order factor analysis. Reliability and validity of the summary index score was assessed.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.8 years (sd 15.68; 18 to 89). Higher order principle components factor analysis produced one factor, accounting for 74.7% of the variance. The newly derived single index score was found to be internally reliable (α = 0.93) and valid, achieving at least moderate correlations (r ≥ 0.5, p < 0.001) with related (pain/function) domains of the SF-36.

Conclusions: Analyses indicated that data from the MOXFQ can be presented in summary form. The MOXFQ summary index score (MOXFQ-Index) provides an overall indication of the outcomes of foot and ankle surgery. Furthermore, the single index reduces the number of statistical comparisons, and hence the role of chance, when exploring MOXFQ data.

Keywords: Foot and ankle; MOXFQ; Outcomes; PROM; Patient-reported outcome measure; Surgery.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

ICMJE Conflict of Interest:Jill Dawson occasionally provides consultancy work for Isis (Oxford, United Kingdom), the technology transfer company that owns the copyright of the MOXFQ. In all other respects all of the authors declare that they have no competing interest that could influence the content of this paper and its conclusions

References

    1. Breeman S, Campbell M, Dakin H, et al. Patellar resurfacing in total knee replacement: five-year clinical and economic results of a large randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 2011;93-A:1473–1481 - PubMed
    1. Department of Health.Our NHS Our future: NHS next stage review – interim report London: Department of Health, 2007.
    1. Dawson J, Coffey J, Doll H, et al. A patient-based questionnaire to assess outcomes of foot surgery: validation in the context of surgery for hallux valgus. Qual Life Res 2006;15:1211–1222 - PubMed
    1. Dawson J, Doll H, Coffey J, Jenkinson C. Responsiveness and minimally important change for the Manchester-Oxford foot questionnaire (MOXFQ) compared with AOFAS and SF-36 assessments following surgery for hallux valgus. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007;15:918–931 - PubMed
    1. Dawson J, Boller I, Doll H, et al. The MOXFQ patient-reported questionnaire: assessment of data quality, reliability and validity in relation to foot and ankle surgery. Foot (Edinb) 2011;21:92–102 - PubMed