[Epidemiology of schizophrenia]

Abstract

Schizophrenia exhibits wide variation in epidemiological characteristics. Through the past few decades, we have learned much about schizophrenia epidemiology, providing important findings for etiological research, clinical care and public health. In this article, we provide overview of current research on incidence, prevalence, risk factors, mortality and outcome of schizophrenia. Contrary to traditional understanding, the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia show prominent variation between locations. Risk factors for schizophrenia include urbanicity, migration, sex, season of birth and pregnancy and birth complications. Schizophrenia patients have an increased mortality risk compared with the general population. Recent studies about outcome show not so tragic, especially in regard to social functioning. Over the recent decades, circumstances have been changing around schizophrenia. As to treatment, for example, 'the second generation antipsychotics' have replaced conventional ones and 'early intervention' is developing. However, we have only limited evidences of current schizophrenia. Further epidemiological development is needed.