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. 2013 Oct 1;132(3):624-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.018. Epub 2013 May 16.

Positive affect and processes of recovery among treatment-seeking methamphetamine users

Adam W Carrico  1 , William J Woods, Michael D Siever, Michael V Discepola, Samantha E Dilworth, Torsten B Neilands, Nicole Miller, Judith Tedlie Moskowitz
Affiliations

Positive affect and processes of recovery among treatment-seeking methamphetamine users

Adam W Carrico et al. Drug Alcohol Depend. .

Abstract

Background: Revised Stress and Coping Theory proposes that positive affect serves adaptive functions, independent of negative affect. However, scant research has examined whether, how, and under what circumstances positive affect is associated with decreased substance use.

Methods: Eighty-eight methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men (MSM) completed the baseline assessment for substance abuse treatment outcome study which included measures of positive and negative affect, cognitive-behavioral change processes (i.e., approach-oriented coping, self-efficacy for managing methamphetamine triggers, and abstinence-related action tendencies), abstinence-specific social support, and self-reported substance use. Participants also provided a urine sample for toxicology screening.

Results: After controlling for demographic characteristics and negative affect, higher positive affect was independently associated with greater approach-oriented coping, abstinence-related action tendencies, and abstinence-specific social support. Positive affect was also independently associated with greater self-efficacy for managing methamphetamine triggers, but only at lower levels of negative affect. Through these cognitive-behavioral and social pathways, positive affect was indirectly associated with lower frequency of stimulant use in the past 30 days, lower odds of reporting stimulant use two or more days in a row, and lower odds of providing a urine sample that was reactive for stimulant metabolites. On the other hand, negative affect was not indirectly associated with any measure of stimulant use.

Conclusions: Clinical research is needed to examine the pathways whereby positive affect may predict better substance abuse treatment outcomes.

Keywords: Coping; HIV; Methamphetamine; Negative affect; Positive affect; Social support.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: No conflict declared

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proposed theory-based pathways whereby positive affect may decrease stimulant use.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association of positive affect with self-efficacy for managing methamphetamine triggers at varying levels of negative affect.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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