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. 2011 Nov;35(4):497-503.
doi: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.497.

The changes of ginsenoside patterns in red ginseng processed by organic Acid impregnation pretreatment

Mi Hyun Kim  1 , Young Chul Lee, Sang Yoon Choi, Chang-Won Cho, Jeonghae Rho, Kwang-Won Lee
Affiliations

The changes of ginsenoside patterns in red ginseng processed by organic Acid impregnation pretreatment

Mi Hyun Kim et al. J Ginseng Res. 2011 Nov.

Abstract

In order to enhance bioactive functionalities of ginseng, an acid impregnation processing was applied as a pre-treatment in producing red ginseng. Acid impregnation studies were conducted, and acids (ascorbic, malic, and citric acid) were selected. The optimal concentration of each acid was investigated in this study in terms of ginsenoside contents. The most concerned ginsenoside, Rg3 was increased by ascorbic, malic, and citric acid pre-treated red ginseng up to 1 M acid concentration. In the case of ascorbic acid pre-treated red ginseng, Rg2 concentration was increased depending on acid concentrations. Citric acid pre-treatment enhanced Rg2, Rg3, and Rh1+Rh2 formation in red ginseng. Therefore, ginsenoside patterns in red ginseng could be changed by acid impregnation pre-treatment depending on acid concentration and acid types. This research is expected to contribute to the development of the ginseng industry via new red ginseng products with selective and intensified functionality.

Keywords: Ascorbic acid; Citric acid; Ginsenoside Rg3; Impregnation; Malic acid; Panax ginseng.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. The chemical pathway of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.. The chemical pathway of protopanaxatriol ginsenosides.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.. (A) The patterns of HPLC chromatogram in red ginseng ginsenosids and (B) red ginseng produced by citric acid impregnation pretreatment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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