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. 2013 Apr;30(2):143-7.
doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.110424.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis

Surender Kashyap  1 , Prasanta R Mohapatra
Affiliations

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis

Surender Kashyap et al. Lung India. 2013 Apr.

Abstract

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare, chronic lung disease with bilateral intra-alveolar calcium and phosphate deposition throughout the lung parenchyma with predominance to lower and midzone. Although, etiology and pathogenesis of PAM is not fully understood, the mutation in SLC34A2 gene that encodes a sodium-phosphate co-transporter in alveolar type II cells resulting in the accumulation and forming of microliths rich in calcium phosphate (due to impaired clearance) are considered to be the cause of the disease. Chest radiograph and high-resolution CT of thorax are nearly pathognomonic for diagnosing PAM. HRCT demonstrates diffuse micronodules showing slight perilobular predominance resulting in calcification of interlobular septa. Patients with PAM are asymptomatic till development of hypoxemia and cor-pulmonale. No therapy has been proven to be beneficial except lung transplantation.

Keywords: Calcification; calculi; microliths; pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Histopathology section showing multiple calcospherites and fibrosis in the alveoli of lung parenchyma (H and E, ×100)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chest radiograph showing bilateral diffuse dense micronodular opacities
Figure 3
Figure 3
HRCT thorax showing diffuse bilateral calcified fine nodular pattern along with pericardial and pleural calcification
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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