Magnetoencephalographic study on forward suppression by ipsilateral, contralateral, and binaural maskers

Abstract

When two tones are presented in a short time interval, the response to the second tone is suppressed. This phenomenon is referred to as forward suppression. To address the effect of the masker laterality on forward suppression, magnetoencephalographic responses were investigated for eight subjects with normal hearing when the preceding maskers were presented ipsilaterally, contralaterally, and binaurally. We employed three masker intensity conditions: the ipsilateral-strong, left-right-balanced, and contralateral-strong conditions. Regarding the responses to the maskers without signal, the N1m amplitude evoked by the left and binaural maskers was significantly larger than that evoked by the right masker for the left-strong and left-right-balanced conditions. No significant difference was observed for the right-strong condition. Regarding the subsequent N1m amplitudes, they were attenuated by the presence of the left, binaural, and right maskers for all conditions. For the left- and right-strong conditions, the subsequent N1m amplitude in the presence of the left masker was smaller than those of the binaural and right maskers. No difference was observed between the binaural and right masker presentation. For left-right-balanced condition, the subsequent N1m amplitude decreased in the presence of the right, binaural, and left maskers in that order. If the preceding activity reflected the ability to suppress the subsequent activity, the forward suppression by the left masker would be superior to that by the right masker for the left-strong and left-right-balanced conditions. Furthermore, the forward suppression by the binaural masker would be expected to be superior to that by the left masker owing to additional afferent activity from the right ear. Thus, the current results suggest that the forward suppression by ipsilateral maskers is superior to that by contralateral maskers although both maskers evoked the N1m amplitudes to the same degree. Additional masker at the contralateral ear can attenuate the forward suppression by the ipsilateral masker.

Figure 1. Schema of the seven stimulus sets.

The presentations in the right (R) and left (L) ears are separately illustrated. The solid and open trapezoids indicate the masker and signal presence, respectively.

Figure 2. Mean N1m amplitudes evoked by three maskers without signal in three intensity conditions.

The error bars indicate standard errors. Because the N1m amplitudes were normalized to those evoked by the left masker without signal in each intensity condition, the standard errors for the left masker without signal resulted in zero.

Figure 3. Square means of the responses at the channel where the maximum N1m amplitude was observed in a subject.

The N1m amplitudes evoked by the signal decreased in the presence of the maskers. Solid and dashed vertical bars indicate the onset of masker and signal, respectively.

Figure 4. Mean N1m amplitudes normalized to the amplitude evoked by the signal without masker in three masker intensity conditions.

The upper (a) and lower (b) graphs show the respective values before and after subtracting the masker response. The error bars indicate standard errors.