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Review
. 2013 Jun;3(3):343-51.
doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.04.007. Epub 2013 Jun 15.

Vaccines for viral hemorrhagic fevers--progress and shortcomings

Darryl Falzarano  1 , Heinz Feldmann
Affiliations
Review

Vaccines for viral hemorrhagic fevers--progress and shortcomings

Darryl Falzarano et al. Curr Opin Virol. 2013 Jun.

Abstract

With a few exceptions, vaccines for viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever remain unavailable or lack well-documented efficacy. In the past decade this has not been due to a lack of the ability to develop vaccine platforms against highly pathogenic viruses, but rather the lack of will/interest to invest in platforms that have the potential to become successful vaccines. The two exceptions to this are vaccines against Dengue virus (DENV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which recently have seen significant progress in putting forward new and improved vaccines, respectively. Experimental vaccines for filoviruses and Lassa virus (LASV) do exist but are hindered by a lack of financial interest and only partially or ill-defined correlates/mechanisms of protection that could be assessed in clinical trials.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Estimated global burden of viral hemorrhagic fevers
The number of estimated cases per year of Dengue virus (DENV), Lassa virus (LASV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome viruses (HFRSV), New-world arenaviruses (NWA), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV), Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV), Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), and Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV).
Figure 2
Figure 2. Risk zones for hemorrhagic fever viruses
Regions with current risk or past occurrence of the following viral hemorrhagic fevers: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHF), Rift Valley hemorrhagic fever (RVF), Yellow fever (YF), Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD).
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