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. 2013 Jun 19:6:183.
doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-183.

Ticks and associated pathogens collected from dogs and cats in Belgium

Edwin Claerebout  1 , Bertrand Losson, Christel Cochez, Stijn Casaert, Anne-Catherine Dalemans, Ann De Cat, Maxime Madder, Claude Saegerman, Paul Heyman, Laetitia Lempereur
Affiliations

Ticks and associated pathogens collected from dogs and cats in Belgium

Edwin Claerebout et al. Parasit Vectors. .

Abstract

Background: Although Ixodes spp. are the most common ticks in North-Western Europe, recent reports indicated an expanding geographical distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus in Western Europe. Recently, the establishment of a D. reticulatus population in Belgium was described. D. reticulatus is an important vector of canine and equine babesiosis and can transmit several Rickettsia species, Coxiella burnetii and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), whilst Ixodes spp. are vectors of pathogens causing babesiosis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis and TBEV.

Methods: A survey was conducted in 2008-2009 to investigate the presence of different tick species and associated pathogens on dogs and cats in Belgium. Ticks were collected from dogs and cats in 75 veterinary practices, selected by stratified randomization. All collected ticks were morphologically determined and analysed for the presence of Babesia spp., Borrelia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia DNA.

Results: In total 2373 ticks were collected from 647 dogs and 506 cats. Ixodes ricinus (76.4%) and I. hexagonus (22.6%) were the predominant species. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (0.3%) and D. reticulatus (0.8%) were found in low numbers on dogs only. All dogs infested with R. sanguineus had a recent travel history, but D. reticulatus were collected from a dog without a history of travelling abroad. Of the collected Ixodes ticks, 19.5% were positive for A. phagocytophilum and 10.1% for Borrelia spp. (B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi s.s., B. lusitaniae, B. valaisiana and B. spielmanii). Rickettsia helvetica was found in 14.1% of Ixodes ticks. All Dermacentor ticks were negative for all the investigated pathogens, but one R. sanguineus tick was positive for Rickettsia massiliae.

Conclusion: D. reticulatus was confirmed to be present as an indigenous parasite in Belgium. B. lusitaniae and R. helvetica were detected in ticks in Belgium for the first time.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of selected veterinary practices and presence of an indigenous Dermacentor reticulatus population (red dot) in Belgium.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of Ixodes ticks positive for Borrelia spp. in Belgium (infection rates and numbers of ticks submitted per municipality).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of Ixodes ticks positive for A. phagocytophilum in Belgium (infection rates and numbers of ticks submitted per municipality).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Distribution of Ixodes ticks positive for R. helvetica in Belgium (infection rates and numbers of ticks submitted per municipality).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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