Standard approaches for upper extremity nerve blocks with an emphasis on outpatient surgery

Abstract

Purpose of review: Currently, no standards exist with regard to the techniques and administration of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks. Consequently, the techniques and teaching substantially vary among practitioners and institutions. The purpose of this review is to propose a set of standard US-guided techniques for upper extremity nerve blocks.

Recent findings: On the basis of the synthesis of information in available literature and the consensus of an internationally recognized collaborative panel of regional anaesthesia experts, the review recommends a standardized approach to common upper extremity nerve blocks using ultrasound guidance.

Summary: A set of structured recommendations and approaches are suggested to help standardize clinical practice and teaching of ultrasound-guided upper extremity nerve blocks. Additional emphasis is placed on the discussion of nerve blocks in outpatient surgery.