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Controlled Clinical Trial
. 2013 Jul-Aug;22(4):352-7.
doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12032.x.

Buprenorphine treatment outcomes among opioid-dependent cocaine users and non-users

Chinazo O Cunningham  1 , Angela Giovanniello, Hillary V Kunins, Robert J Roose, Aaron D Fox, Nancy L Sohler
Affiliations
Controlled Clinical Trial

Buprenorphine treatment outcomes among opioid-dependent cocaine users and non-users

Chinazo O Cunningham et al. Am J Addict. 2013 Jul-Aug.

Abstract

Background and objectives: National treatment guidelines state that polysubstance users, including cocaine users, may not be appropriate candidates for office-based buprenorphine treatment. However, data to support this recommendation are sparse and conflicting, and the implications of this recommendation may include limiting the usefulness of buprenorphine treatment, as cocaine use is common among opioid-dependent individuals seeking buprenorphine treatment. We compared buprenorphine treatment outcomes (6-month treatment retention and self-reported opioid use over 6 months) in opioid-dependent cocaine users versus non-users who initiated buprenorphine treatment at an urban community health center.

Methods: We followed 87 participants over 6 months, collecting interview and medical record data. We used logistic regression models to test whether baseline cocaine use was associated with treatment retention and mixed effects nonlinear models to test whether baseline cocaine use was associated with self-reported opioid use.

Results: At baseline, 39.1% reported cocaine use. In all participants, self-reported opioid use decreased from 89.7% to 27.4% over 6 months, and 6-month treatment retention was 54.5%. We found no significant difference in 6-month treatment retention (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: .58-4.17, p = .38) or self-reported opioid use (AOR = .89, 95% CI: .26-3.07, p = .85) between cocaine users and non-users.

Conclusions and scientific significance: This study demonstrates that buprenorphine treatment retention is not worse in cocaine users than non-users, with clinically meaningful improvements in self-reported opioid use. These findings suggest that opioid-dependent cocaine users attain considerable benefits from office-based buprenorphine treatment and argue for the inclusion of these patients in office-based buprenorphine treatment programs.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Interest:

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Buprenorphine treatment retention by baseline cocaine use
Figure 2
Figure 2
Self-reported opioid use among participants who initiated buprenorphine treatment by baseline cocaine use
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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