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Case Reports
. 2013 Aug 15;261(1-2):129-33.
doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.05.011. Epub 2013 Jun 21.

Rapid progression and brain atrophy in anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis

Yi-Chia Wei  1 , Chi-Hung Liu, Jainn-Jim Lin, Kun-Ju Lin, Ko-Lun Huang, Tsong-Hai Lee, Yeu-Jhy Chang, Tsung-I Peng, Kuang-Lin Lin, Ting-Yu Chang, Chien-Hung Chang, Hung-Chou Kuo, Kuo-Hsuan Chang, Mei-Yun Cheng, Chin-Chang Huang
Affiliations
Case Reports

Rapid progression and brain atrophy in anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis

Yi-Chia Wei et al. J Neuroimmunol. .

Abstract

Anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor encephalitis is an anti-neuronal surface antigen autoimmune encephalitis that is rarely reported. Our study evaluated the first known patient who developed anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis during pregnancy. Initial brain MRI revealed bilateral limbic encephalitis. However, rapid brain atrophy on MRI with extensive hypometabolism of cerebral cortices, caudate nuclei and brain stem hypoperfusion on (18)F-FDG PET developed when clinically progressed. IgG index of serial CSF studies reflected the clinical improvements after plasmapheresis and plasma exchange. The clinical spectrum of anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis may be expanded from limited limbic involvement to extended central nervous system.

Keywords: AMPA; Anti-glutamate receptor; Brain atrophy; Encephalitis; Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis.

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