Recombinant human coxsackievirus B3 from children with acute myocarditis in China

Abstract

Recombination events were found in two human coxsackievirus B3 strains, Beijing0811 and SD2012CHN. The strains were isolated separately from five newborns diagnosed with severe hospital-acquired acute myocarditis in Beijing in 2008 and from two children diagnosed with hand, foot, and mouth disease with concurrent acute myocarditis in Shandong in 2012.

Fig 1

Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees based on the complete VP1 nucleotide sequences of HEV-B members (A), the partial VP1 sequences of 89 CVB3 China strains (B), and the complete nucleotide sequences of the P3 regions of Chinese CVB3 strains (C) generated by MEGA5.0. The bootstrap values are shown as percentages of 1,000 replicates for the major lineages within the trees.

Fig 2

SimPlot (A) and bootscan (B) analyses based on the full-length genomes of the two CVB3 strains and other related HEV-B prototype strains. CVB3 strain Beijing0811 was used as the query sequence in these analyses. A sliding window of 400 nucleotides moving in 50-nucleotide steps was used.

Fig 3

SimPlot and bootscan analyses based on the full-length genomes of CVB3 strain Beijing0811, CVB5 strain CVB5/CC10/17, CVB3 strain SD2012CHN, and related HEV-B prototype strains. CVB3 strain Beijing0811 (A, D), CVB5 strain CVB5/CC10/17 (B, E), and CVB3 strain SD2012CHN (C, F) were used as query sequences in these analyses. A sliding window of 400 nucleotides moving in 50-nucleotide steps was used.