WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care
- PMID: 23805438
- Bookshelf ID: NBK144013
WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care
Excerpt
The WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care provide health-care workers (HCWs), hospital administrators and health authorities with a thorough review of evidence on hand hygiene in health care and specific recommendations to improve practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and HCWs.
The present guidelines are intended to be implemented in any situation in which health care is delivered either to a patient or to a specific group in a population. Therefore, this concept applies to all settings where health care is permanently or occasionally performed, such as home care by birth attendants. Definitions of health-care settings are proposed in Appendix 1.
Copyright © 2009, World Health Organization.
Sections
- INTRODUCTION
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I. REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC DATA RELATED TO HAND HYGIENE
- 1. Definition of terms
- 2. Guidelines’ preparation process
- 3. The burden of health care-associated infection
- 4. Historical perspective on hand hygiene in health care
- 5. Normal bacterial flora on hands
- 6. Physiology of normal skin
- 7. Transmission of pathogens by hands
- 8. Models of hand transmission
- 9. Relationship between hand hygiene and the acquisition of health care-associated pathogens
- 10. Methods to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of handrub and handwash agents and formulations for surgical hand preparation
- 11. Review of preparations used for hand hygiene
- 12. WHO-recommended handrub formulations
- 13. Surgical hand preparation: state-of-the-art
- 14. Skin reactions related to hand hygiene
- 15. Factors to consider when selecting hand hygiene products
- 16. Hand hygiene practices among health-care workers and adherence to recommendations
- 17. Religious and cultural aspects of hand hygiene
- 18. Behavioural considerations
- 19. Organizing an educational programme to promote hand hygiene
- 20. Formulating strategies for hand hygiene promotion
- 21. The WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy
- 22. Impact of improved hand hygiene
- 23. Practical issues and potential barriers to optimal hand hygiene practices
- 24. Hand hygiene research agenda
- II. CONSENSUS RECOMMENDATIONS
- III. PROCESS AND OUTCOME MEASUREMENT
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IV. TOWARDS A GENERAL MODEL OF CAMPAIGNING FOR BETTER HAND HYGIENE: A NATIONAL APPROACH TO HAND HYGIENE IMPROVEMENT
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Objectives
- 3. Historical perspective
- 4. Public campaigning, WHO, and the mass media
- 5. Benefits and barriers in national programmes
- 6. Limitations of national programmes
- 7. The relevance of social marketing and social movement theories
- 8. Nationally driven hand hygiene improvement in health care
- 9. Towards a blueprint for developing, implementing, and evaluating a national hand hygiene improvement programme within health care
- 10. Conclusion
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V. PATIENT INVOLVEMENT IN HAND HYGIENE PROMOTION
- 1. Overview and terminology
- 2. Patient empowerment and health care
- 3. Components of the empowerment process
- 4. Hand hygiene compliance and empowerment
- 5. Programmes and models of hand hygiene promotion, including patient and health-care worker empowerment
- 6. WHO global survey of patient experiences
- 7. Strategy and resources for developing, implementing, and evaluating a patient/health-care worker empowerment programme in a health-care facility or community
- VI. COMPARISON OF NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR HAND HYGIENE
- REFERENCES
- APPENDICES
- ABBREVIATIONS
- AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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