Prevention of infectious diseases in cat shelters: ABCD guidelines

Abstract

Overview: Recommendations are given in relation to infectious diseases in rescue shelters. The ABCD recognises that there is a wide variation in the design and management of shelters, and that these largely reflect local pressures. These guidelines are written with this diverse audience in mind; they point to the ideal, and also provide for some level of compromise where this ideal cannot immediately be attained. In addition consideration should be given to general requirements in order to optimise overall health and wellbeing of cats within the shelter. HOUSING: Compartmentalisation of the shelter into at least three individual sections (quarantine area for incoming cats, isolation facilities for sick or potentially infectious cats, and accommodation for clinically healthy, retrovirus-negative cats) can facilitate containment of a disease outbreak, should it occur. STANDARD OF CARE: Incoming cats should receive a full health check by a veterinary surgeon, should be dewormed and tested for retrovirus infections (feline leukaemia virus [FeLV] and/or feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV]) in regions with high prevalence and in shelters that allow contact between cats. Cats which are not rehomed should receive a regular veterinary check-up at intervals recommended by their veterinarian.

Vaccination: Each cat should be vaccinated as soon as possible against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV) infections. HYGIENE: Adequate hygiene conditions should ensure that contact between shedders of infectious agents and susceptible animals is reduced as efficiently as possible by movement control, hygiene procedures of care workers, barrier nursing, cleaning and disinfection. STRESS REDUCTION: Stress reduction is important for overall health and for minimising the risk of recrudescence and exacerbation of infectious diseases. In general, a special effort should be made to rehome cats as soon as possible.

Figure 1

Outdoor area adjacent to accommodation for healthy cats. ‘Tierschutzkompetenzzentrum Klagenfurt’, Austria, courtesy of Dr Marina Zuzzi-Krebitz and MMag Alexander Zuzzi.

Figure 2

Washroom at the entrance to units. ‘Tierschutzkompetenzzentrum Klagenfurt’, Austria, courtesy of Dr Marina Zuzzi-Krebitz and MMag Alexander Zuzzi.

Figure 3

Cage with separate compartment for the litter tray, suitable for spot cleaning. ‘Tierschutzkompetenzzentrum Klagenfurt’, Austria, courtesy of Dr Marina Zuzzi-Krebitz and MMag Alexander Zuzzi.