Clinical outcomes and mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: a 10-year retrospective analysis in a single center

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcome, identify predictors of patient and technique survival in our peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in the western region of Turkey.

Methods: We included all patients who initiated therapy between 2001 and 2010. Socio-demographic characteristics such as who helped to administer the PD as well as conditions under which PD was chosen by patients were investigated from patients' files. Hemodialysis (HD) history and duration, additional systemic diseases, and end-stage renal disease etiologies of all patients were recorded. Clinical data such as blood pressure, amount of ultrafiltration, and laboratory parameters were evaluated before initiation of PD and during the last monitoring period. Infectious complications and their incidences were investigated. Patient and technique survival were investigated for every patient.

Results: 322 patients started PD treatment during the study period. 23 patients were excluded. Data from the remaining 299 patients (167 female, mean follow-up time 38.5 ± 26.8 months, mean age 44.7 ± 15.9 years) were evaluated retrospectively. It was determined that 87.3% of the patients made their PD exchanges without help from anyone. 79.9% of patients chose PD as their personal preference. 48 patients had HD history before PD. Peritonitis incidences and catheter exit site/tunnel infection attacks were 27 ± 23 and 32.3 ± 24.9 patient-months, respectively. During the follow-up period, 199 patients (80 patients transferred to HD, 78 patients died and, 41 patients had transplantation) were withdrawn from PD. The most frequent causes of death were cardiovascular events and peritonitis and/or sepsis, whereas most frequent causes of transfer to HD were peritonitis and/or sepsis. Mean survival time was 49.9 ± 2.6 months. The estimation of survival rate was 85.2%, 66.5% and 45.3% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Preference for PD (RR: 4.77, p < 0.001), presence of HD history (RR: 2.08, p = 0.04), presence of diabetes mellitus (RR: 2.13, p = 0.01), low pretreatment serum albumin (RR: 0.32, p < 0.001), and low serum parathormone levels at last visit (RR: 0.99, p = 0.04) were predictors of mortality. Mean technique survival duration was 48.5 ± 2.4 months. The estimation of technique survival by Kaplan-Meier analyses was 92%, 67% and 43% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Technique survival was associated with preference for PD (RR: 0.45, p < 0.001), presence of diabetes mellitus (RR: 1.92, p = 0.003), and pretreatment serum albumin levels (RR: 0.58, p = 0.003).

Conclusion: Patient survival in the presented institute is similar to that reported in Western countries. Compulsory choice of PD, presence of HD history, presence of diabetes, low pretreatment serum albuminm, and low serum parathormone levels at last visit were the strongest predictors of death. Risk factors for technique failure were compulsory choice of PD, presence of diabetes, low pretreatment serum albumin.