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Comparative Study
. 2013 Oct;44(4):360-73.
doi: 10.1044/0161-1461(2013/12-0015). Epub 2013 Jul 5.

Reading skills of students with speech sound disorders at three stages of literacy development

Crysten M Skebo  1 , Barbara A Lewis, Lisa A Freebairn, Jessica Tag, Allison Avrich Ciesla, Catherine M Stein
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Reading skills of students with speech sound disorders at three stages of literacy development

Crysten M Skebo et al. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2013 Oct.

Abstract

Purpose: The relationship between phonological awareness, overall language, vocabulary, and nonlinguistic cognitive skills to decoding and reading comprehension was examined for students at 3 stages of literacy development (i.e., early elementary school, middle school, and high school). Students with histories of speech sound disorders (SSD) with and without language impairment (LI) were compared to students without histories of SSD or LI (typical language; TL).

Method: In a cross-sectional design, students ages 7;0 (years;months) to 17;9 completed tests that measured reading, language, and nonlinguistic cognitive skills.

Results: For the TL group, phonological awareness predicted decoding at early elementary school, and overall language predicted reading comprehension at early elementary school and both decoding and reading comprehension at middle school and high school. For the SSD-only group, vocabulary predicted both decoding and reading comprehension at early elementary school, and overall language predicted both decoding and reading comprehension at middle school and decoding at high school. For the SSD and LI group, overall language predicted decoding at all 3 literacy stages and reading comprehension at early elementary school and middle school, and vocabulary predicted reading comprehension at high school.

Conclusion: Although similar skills contribute to reading across the age span, the relative importance of these skills changes with children's literacy stages.

Keywords: language; literacy; phonological awareness; reading development; speech sound disorders.

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