. 2013 Sep;120 Suppl 2(0 2):48-55, v.

doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12127. Epub 2013 Jul 11.

Anthropometric standardisation and quality control protocols for the construction of new, international, fetal and newborn growth standards: the INTERGROWTH-21st Project

L Cheikh Ismail¹, H E Knight, E O Ohuma, L Hoch, W C Chumlea; International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century:
M Katz, M K Bhan, C Garza, S Zaidi, A Langer, P M Rothwell, D Weatherall, Z A Bhutta, J Villar, S Kennedy, D G Altman, F C Barros, E Bertino, F Burton, M Carvalho, L Cheikh Ismail, W C Chumlea, M G Gravett, Y A Jaffer, A Lambert, P Lumbiganon, J A Noble, R Y Pang, A T Papageorghiou, M Purwar, J Rivera, C Victora, J Villar, D G Altman, Z A Bhutta, L Cheikh Ismail, S Kennedy, A Lambert, J A Noble, A T Papageorghiou, J Villar, S Kennedy, L Cheikh Ismail, A Lambert, A T Papageorghiou, M Shorten, L Hoch, H E Knight, E O Ohuma, C Cosgrove, I Blakey, D G Altman, F Roseman, N Kunnawar, S H Gu, J H Wang, M H Wu, M Domingues, P Gilli, L Juodvirsiene, L Hoch, N Musee, H Al-Jabri, S Waller, C Cosgrove, D Muninzwa, E O Ohuma, D Yellappan, A Carter, D Reade, R Miller, A T Papageorghiou, L Salomon, A Leston, A Mitidieri, F Al-Aamri, W Paulsene, J Sande, W K S Al-Zadjali, C Batiuk, S Bornemeier, M Carvalho, M Dighe, P Gaglioti, N Jacinta, S Jaiswal, J A Noble, K Oas, M Oberto, E Olearo, M G Owende, J Shah, S Sohoni, T Todros, M Venkataraman, S Vinayak, L Wang, D Wilson, Q Q Wu, S Zaidi, Y Zhang, P Chamberlain, D Danelon, I Sarris, J Dhami, C Ioannou, C L Knight, R Napolitano, C Pace, V Mkrtychyan, L Cheikh Ismail, W C Chumlea, F Al-Habsi, Z A Bhutta, A Carter, M Alija, J M Jimenez-Bustos, J Kizidio, F Puglia, N Kunnawar, H Liu, S Lloyd, D Mota, R Ochieng, C Rossi, M Sanchez Luna, Y J Shen, H E Knight, D A Rocco, I O Frederick, Z A Bhutta, E Albernaz, M Batra, B A Bhat, E Bertino, P Di Nicola, F Giuliani, I Rovelli, K McCormick, R Ochieng, R Y Pang, V Paul, V Rajan, A Wilkinson, A Varalda, B Eskenazi, L A Corra, H Dolk, J Golding, A Matijasevich, T de Wet, J J Zhang, A Bradman, D Finkton, O Burnham, F Farhi, F C Barros, M Domingues, S Fonseca, A Leston, A Mitidieri, D Mota, I K Sclowitz, M F da Silveira, R Y Pang, Y P He, Y Pan, Y J Shen, M H Wu, Q Q Wu, J H Wang, Y Yuan, Y Zhang, M Purwar, A Choudhary, S Choudhary, S Deshmukh, D Dongaonkar, M Ketkar, V Khedikar, N Kunnawar, C Mahorkar, I Mulik, K Saboo, C Shembekar, A Singh, V Taori, K Tayade, A Somani, E Bertino, P Di Nicola, M Frigerio, G Gilli, P Gilli, M Giolito, F Giuliani, M Oberto, L Occhi, C Rossi, I Rovelli, F Signorile, T Todros, M Carvalho, J Kizidio, R Ochieng, J Shah, W Stones, S Vinayak, N Musee, C Kisiang'ane, D Muninzwa, Y A Jaffer, J Al-Abri, J Al-Abduwani, F M Al-Habsi, H Al-Lawatiya, B Al-Rashidiya, W K S Al-Zadjali, F R Juangco, M Venkataraman, H Al-Jabri, D Yellappan, S Kennedy, L Cheikh Ismail, A T Papageorghiou, F Roseman, A Lambert, S Lloyd, R Napolitano, C Ioannou, I Sarris, M G Gravett, C Batiuk, M Batra, S Bornemeier, M Dighe, K Oas, W Paulsene, D Wilson, I O Frederick, H F Andersen, S E Abbott, A A Carter, H Algren, D A Rocco, T K Sorensen, D Enquobahrie, S Waller

Affiliation

¹ Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

PMID: 23841854
PMCID: PMC4019016
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12127

Anthropometric standardisation and quality control protocols for the construction of new, international, fetal and newborn growth standards: the INTERGROWTH-21st Project

L Cheikh Ismail et al. BJOG. 2013 Sep.

. 2013 Sep;120 Suppl 2(0 2):48-55, v.

doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12127. Epub 2013 Jul 11.

Authors

L Cheikh Ismail¹, H E Knight, E O Ohuma, L Hoch, W C Chumlea; International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century

Collaborators

International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century:
M Katz, M K Bhan, C Garza, S Zaidi, A Langer, P M Rothwell, D Weatherall, Z A Bhutta, J Villar, S Kennedy, D G Altman, F C Barros, E Bertino, F Burton, M Carvalho, L Cheikh Ismail, W C Chumlea, M G Gravett, Y A Jaffer, A Lambert, P Lumbiganon, J A Noble, R Y Pang, A T Papageorghiou, M Purwar, J Rivera, C Victora, J Villar, D G Altman, Z A Bhutta, L Cheikh Ismail, S Kennedy, A Lambert, J A Noble, A T Papageorghiou, J Villar, S Kennedy, L Cheikh Ismail, A Lambert, A T Papageorghiou, M Shorten, L Hoch, H E Knight, E O Ohuma, C Cosgrove, I Blakey, D G Altman, F Roseman, N Kunnawar, S H Gu, J H Wang, M H Wu, M Domingues, P Gilli, L Juodvirsiene, L Hoch, N Musee, H Al-Jabri, S Waller, C Cosgrove, D Muninzwa, E O Ohuma, D Yellappan, A Carter, D Reade, R Miller, A T Papageorghiou, L Salomon, A Leston, A Mitidieri, F Al-Aamri, W Paulsene, J Sande, W K S Al-Zadjali, C Batiuk, S Bornemeier, M Carvalho, M Dighe, P Gaglioti, N Jacinta, S Jaiswal, J A Noble, K Oas, M Oberto, E Olearo, M G Owende, J Shah, S Sohoni, T Todros, M Venkataraman, S Vinayak, L Wang, D Wilson, Q Q Wu, S Zaidi, Y Zhang, P Chamberlain, D Danelon, I Sarris, J Dhami, C Ioannou, C L Knight, R Napolitano, C Pace, V Mkrtychyan, L Cheikh Ismail, W C Chumlea, F Al-Habsi, Z A Bhutta, A Carter, M Alija, J M Jimenez-Bustos, J Kizidio, F Puglia, N Kunnawar, H Liu, S Lloyd, D Mota, R Ochieng, C Rossi, M Sanchez Luna, Y J Shen, H E Knight, D A Rocco, I O Frederick, Z A Bhutta, E Albernaz, M Batra, B A Bhat, E Bertino, P Di Nicola, F Giuliani, I Rovelli, K McCormick, R Ochieng, R Y Pang, V Paul, V Rajan, A Wilkinson, A Varalda, B Eskenazi, L A Corra, H Dolk, J Golding, A Matijasevich, T de Wet, J J Zhang, A Bradman, D Finkton, O Burnham, F Farhi, F C Barros, M Domingues, S Fonseca, A Leston, A Mitidieri, D Mota, I K Sclowitz, M F da Silveira, R Y Pang, Y P He, Y Pan, Y J Shen, M H Wu, Q Q Wu, J H Wang, Y Yuan, Y Zhang, M Purwar, A Choudhary, S Choudhary, S Deshmukh, D Dongaonkar, M Ketkar, V Khedikar, N Kunnawar, C Mahorkar, I Mulik, K Saboo, C Shembekar, A Singh, V Taori, K Tayade, A Somani, E Bertino, P Di Nicola, M Frigerio, G Gilli, P Gilli, M Giolito, F Giuliani, M Oberto, L Occhi, C Rossi, I Rovelli, F Signorile, T Todros, M Carvalho, J Kizidio, R Ochieng, J Shah, W Stones, S Vinayak, N Musee, C Kisiang'ane, D Muninzwa, Y A Jaffer, J Al-Abri, J Al-Abduwani, F M Al-Habsi, H Al-Lawatiya, B Al-Rashidiya, W K S Al-Zadjali, F R Juangco, M Venkataraman, H Al-Jabri, D Yellappan, S Kennedy, L Cheikh Ismail, A T Papageorghiou, F Roseman, A Lambert, S Lloyd, R Napolitano, C Ioannou, I Sarris, M G Gravett, C Batiuk, M Batra, S Bornemeier, M Dighe, K Oas, W Paulsene, D Wilson, I O Frederick, H F Andersen, S E Abbott, A A Carter, H Algren, D A Rocco, T K Sorensen, D Enquobahrie, S Waller

Affiliation

¹ Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

PMID: 23841854
PMCID: PMC4019016
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12127

Abstract

The primary aim of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project is to construct new, prescriptive standards describing optimal fetal and preterm postnatal growth. The anthropometric measurements include the head circumference, recumbent length and weight of the infants, and the stature and weight of the parents. In such a large, international, multicentre project, it is critical that all study sites follow standardised protocols to ensure maximal validity of the growth and nutrition indicators used. This paper describes in detail the anthropometric training, standardisation and quality control procedures used to collect data for these new standards. The initial standardisation session was in Nairobi, Kenya, using newborns, which was followed by similar sessions in the eight participating study sites in Brazil, China, India, Italy, Kenya, Oman, UK and USA. The intraobserver and inter-observer technical error of measurement values for head circumference range from 0.3 to 0.4 cm, and for recumbent length from 0.3 to 0.5 cm. These standardisation protocols implemented at each study site worldwide ensure that the anthropometric data collected are of the highest quality to construct international growth standards.

Keywords: Anthropometry; INTERGROWTH-21st; fetal growth; newborn measurements; quality control protocols; standardisation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure of interests

None.

Figures

**Figure 1**
(A) Technical error of measurement (TEM) for head circumference by country at first standardisation session (solid line with solid circles) and second standardisation session (dashed line with open circles). (B) Bias of observers with their overall mean in each country for head circumference at first standardisation session (solid line with solid circles) and second standardisation session (dashed line with open circles). Standardisation sessions were conducted at two hospitals in Oman: Oman – R, Royal Hospital; Oman – K, Khoula Hospital.

**Figure 2**
(A) Technical error of measurement (TEM) for length by country at first standardisation session (solid line with solid circles) and second standardisation session (dashed line with open circles). (B) Bias of observers with their overall mean in each country for length at first standardisation session (solid line with solid circles) and second standardisation session (dashed line with open circles). Standardisation sessions were conducted at two hospitals in Oman: Oman – R, Royal Hospital; Oman – K, Khoula Hospital.

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Anthropometric standardisation and quality control protocols for the construction of new, international, fetal and newborn growth standards: the INTERGROWTH-21st Project

Collaborators

Affiliation

Anthropometric standardisation and quality control protocols for the construction of new, international, fetal and newborn growth standards: the INTERGROWTH-21st Project

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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