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. 2013 Jul 2;8(7):e67809.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067809. Print 2013.

Impact of multiple cardiovascular risk factors on carotid intima-media thickness and elasticity

Lili Niu  1 , Yanling Zhang, Ming Qian, Long Meng, Yang Xiao, Yuanyuan Wang, Xin Liu, Rongqin Zheng, Hairong Zheng
Affiliations

Impact of multiple cardiovascular risk factors on carotid intima-media thickness and elasticity

Lili Niu et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and elasticity have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) includes hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, overweight and smoking. The objective was to investigate whether the clustering of three or more components of CVRFs has a greater impact on carotid IMT and elasticity than individual components of CVRFs.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-three participants without clinical CVD were classified as the multiple CVRFs patients with three or more CVRFs (n = 55) and control group with two or less CVRFs (n = 118). Carotid IMT and elastic modulus were measured by B-mode ultrasound and vessel texture matching method (VTMM), respectively.

Results: The multiple CVRFs conferred a disproportionate increase in carotid IMT (43%, p<0.0001) and elastic modulus (60%, p<0.0001), compared with control group. Multiple regression models, which included age, gender, as well as each individual component of CVRFs as continuous variables, showed that multiple CVRFs was an independent determinant of both IMT (p = 0.042) and elasticity (p = 0.008). In the analysis of variance adjusted with age, subjects with single, double, and multiple CVRFs, increased by 8.1%, 42.2%, and 66% for IMT, 54.6%, 94.3%, and 125.2% for elastic modulus, respectively, compared to subjects without CVRFs.

Conclusions: The clustering of multiple CVRFs has a greater impact on carotid IMT and elasticity than individual components of CVRFs. This suggests that the components of CVRFs interact to synergistically impact carotid IMT and elasticity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (A) and elastic modulus (B) by the number of risk factors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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