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. 2013 Jul 3;8(7):e68321.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068321. Print 2013.

Changes in human parechovirus profiles in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis after a three-year interval in Lanzhou, China

Ying Guo  1 , Zhaojun Duan, Yuan Qian
Affiliations

Changes in human parechovirus profiles in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis after a three-year interval in Lanzhou, China

Ying Guo et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The changing profile of infection over time for Human Parechoviruses (HPeVs) is not well known and no detailed study has been reported to date in China. This investigation on HPeV infection in hospitalized children in Lanzhou, China revealed variations in epidemiological characteristics after a three-year interval. To assess the changes that had occurred, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HPeVs were characterized and compared with previously reported data by our group. A comparable positivity rate (25.3%, 73/289) was revealed after the three-year interval with the majority of the infected children (95.9%, 70/73) being younger than two years of age. While a temporal change in the seasonal distribution was noted in the current study, HPeVs were more frequently detected during July to November compared to September to December in the previous study. Changes in HPeV genotypes patterns, a temporal change in the prevalence of HPeV1, a younger susceptible age to HPeV3 compared with HPeV1 and a tendency of older children to be infected with HPeV4 are in contrast to our previous report. HPeV2, a rarely reported genotype, was identified for the first time in China. In addition, an exclusive trinucleotide (GAT) insertion in the HPeV4 nucleotide sequence was identified. However, the profiles of co-infection with other enteric related viruses were similar to our previous findings. In summary, these data suggest temporal variation in the seasonal distribution of HPeV and changing patterns of HPeV genotypes over time in the study region.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Seasonal distribution of HPeV-positive samples.
Incidence means HPeV positive cases per month, prevalence means HPeV positive rate per month.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Nucleic acid phylogenetic tree based on the VP3/VP1 conjunction region.
The phylogenetic analyses were conducted in MEGA5 by using the Neighbor-Joining method. The p-distance method was applied to compute the evolutionary distances. LV was used as outgroup. A bootstrap test was replicated 1000 times and only the bootstrap values >70 are displayed. The reference strains are shown with their individual GenBank accession number and corresponding genotype.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Amino acid phylogenetic tree based on the VP3/VP1 conjunction region.
The phylogenetic analyses were conducted in MEGA5 by using the Neighbor-Joining method. The p-distance method was applied to compute the evolutionary distances. LV was used as outgroup. A bootstrap test was replicated 1000 times and only the bootstrap values >70 are displayed. The reference strains are shown with their individual GenBank accession number and corresponding genotype.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Age distribution of individual HPeV genotypes.
Only the genotypes detected and successfully typed are indicated in each age group.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Seasonal distribution of individual HPeV genotype.
February and April–June were not included because no genotypes had been successfully typed in these months. Only the genotypes detected and successfully typed are indicated in each age group.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Co-infection of HPeV-infected subjects.
§ This symbol denotes the corresponding pathogen was involved in co-infection and the combination patterns of the symbol represented the modes of co-infections that had been identified in this study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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