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. 2013 Jul 1:5:21.
doi: 10.12703/P5-21. Print 2013.

Urinary markers for bladder cancer

Zachary L Smith  1 , Thomas J Guzzo
Affiliations

Urinary markers for bladder cancer

Zachary L Smith et al. F1000Prime Rep. .

Abstract

Bladder cancer has the fifth highest incidence of all malignancies in the United States, with a propensity to recur, requiring lifelong surveillance after diagnosis. Urinary markers of disease have been of extreme interest in this field in an effort to simplify surveillance schedules and improve early detection of tumors. Many markers have been described, but most remain investigational. However, some markers have undergone clinical trials and are approved for clinical use. In this review, urinary markers and their application for screening and surveillance of bladder cancer are discussed.

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