Palliative treatment and the role of surgical resection in gastric cancer

Abstract

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is often diagnosed in the late stages of the disease. Surgical resection of all gross and microscopic disease is essential for curative treatment. Complete resection is often not achievable when patients present with advanced stage IV cancer. In the absence of symptoms, chemotherapy without resection has been the standard of care in most major centers. With improvements in response to chemotherapy and less invasive surgical approaches, patients with metastatic gastric cancer have had better survival outcomes than in the past. The challenge today when treating these patients is in defining who will benefit from more aggressive interventions. Reviewing the literature for guidance is difficult because the goals of treatment are often not clearly defined. Finding the proper balance of aggressiveness needed to extend survival while preserving and maximizing quality of life is a decision that clinicians have to make with increasing frequency. This review will attempt to provide a framework to aid in determining what role, if any, gastrectomy has in the management of patients with stage IV gastric cancer.