Use of a benzimidazole derivative BF-188 in fluorescence multispectral imaging for selective visualization of tau protein fibrils in the Alzheimer's disease brain

Abstract

Purpose: Selective visualization of amyloid-β and tau protein deposits will help to understand the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we introduce a novel fluorescent probe that can distinguish between these two deposits by multispectral fluorescence imaging technique.

Procedures: Fluorescence spectral analysis was performed using AD brain sections stained with novel fluorescence compounds. Competitive binding assay using [(3)H]-PiB was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of BF-188 for synthetic amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau fibrils.

Results: In AD brain sections, BF-188 clearly stained Aβ and tau protein deposits with different fluorescence spectra. In vitro binding assays indicated that BF-188 bound to both amyloid-β and tau fibrils with high affinity (K i < 10 nM). In addition, BF-188 showed an excellent blood-brain barrier permeability in mice.

Conclusion: Multispectral imaging with BF-188 could potentially be used for selective in vivo imaging of tau deposits as well as amyloid-β in the brain.