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Comparative Study
. 2013 Aug;166(2):373-380.e2.
doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.05.008. Epub 2013 Jun 19.

Risk for recurrent coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease compared with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cigarette smokers

Usman Baber  1 , Orlando M Gutierrez, Emily B Levitan, David G Warnock, Michael E Farkouh, Marcello Tonelli, Monika M Safford, Paul Muntner
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Risk for recurrent coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease compared with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cigarette smokers

Usman Baber et al. Am Heart J. 2013 Aug.

Abstract

Background: Lipid-lowering guidelines endorse a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal of <100 mg/dL for people with coronary heart disease (CHD). A more stringent threshold of <70 mg/dL is recommended for those with CHD and "very high-risk" conditions such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, or cigarette smoking. Whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) confers a similar risk for recurrent CHD events is unknown.

Methods and results: We evaluated the risk for recurrent CHD events and all-cause mortality among 3,938 participants ≥45 years with CHD in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Chronic kidney disease was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) or urinary albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g. Participants were categorized by the presence or absence of CKD and any very high-risk condition. Over a median of 4.1 years, the crude incidence (95% CI) of recurrent CHD events were 12.1 (9.0-15.2), 18.9 (15.5-22.3), 35.0 (25.4-44.6), and 34.2 (28.2-40.3) among those without CKD or high-risk conditions; very high-risk conditions alone; and CKD alone and both CKD and very high-risk conditions. After multivariable adjustment, compared with those without CKD or very high-risk conditions, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for recurrent CHD events was 1.45 (1.02-2.05), 2.24 (1.50-3.34), and 2.10 (1.47-2.98) among those with very high-risk conditions alone, CKD alone, and both CKD and very high-risk conditions, respectively. Results were consistent for all-cause mortality.

Conclusions: Chronic kidney disease is associated with risk for recurrent CHD events that approximates or is larger than other established very high-risk conditions.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cumulative incidence of recurrent CHD events, all-cause mortality, and CHD or all-cause mortality among study participants with no very high-risk condition and no CKD, any very high-risk condition alone, CKD alone, and both CKD and any very high-risk condition.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plots demonstrating HRs for recurrent CHD events, all-cause mortality, and CHD or all-cause mortality among participants groups using different criteria to define CKD. Boxes represent HR, and lines 95% CI.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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