Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2014 Feb 15;134(4):961-70.
doi: 10.1002/ijc.28414. Epub 2013 Aug 29.

Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to the development of co-existing non-small cell lung cancer with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Rihong Zhai  1 , Xiaojin Yu, Yongyue Wei, Li Su, David C Christiani
Affiliations

Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to the development of co-existing non-small cell lung cancer with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Rihong Zhai et al. Int J Cancer. .

Abstract

Previous studies have identified a mixed-phenotype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with co-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although NSCLC and COPD share a common risk factor in smoking, whether and how smoking may contribute to the coexistence of NSCLC with COPD (NSCLC-COPD) is unclear. Our study suggests that cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of NSCLC-COPD, especially in females and among patients with squamous cell carcinoma subtype.

Keywords: cigarette smoking; co-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; non-small cell lung cancer; risk; smoking cessation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The dose-response analysis between smoking (pack-years) and risks of NSCLC-COPD, NSCLC-COPD in males, NSCLC-COPD in females, ADC-COPD, and SQCC-COPD, with cubic spline models. The solid line and the grey area represent the estimated relative risk (log OR) and it’s 95% confidence interval of the nonlinear relationship, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lokke A, Lange P, Scharling H, Fabricius P, Vestbo J. Developing COPD: a 25 year follow up study of the general population. Thorax. 2006;61:935–939. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin. 2009;59:225–249. - PubMed
    1. Sekine Y, Katsura H, Koh E, Hiroshima K, Fujisawa T. Early detection of COPD is important for lung cancer surveillance. Eur Respir J. 2012;39:1230–1240. - PubMed
    1. Turner MC, Chen Y, Krewski D, Calle EE, Thun MJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with lung cancer mortality in a prospective study of never smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176:285–290. - PubMed
    1. Young RP, Hopkins RJ, Christmas T, Black PN, Metcalf P, Gamble GD. COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history. Eur Respir J. 2009;34:380–386. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms