An efficient diagnostic strategy for small, depressed early gastric cancer with magnifying narrow-band imaging: a post-hoc analysis of a prospective randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: We previously reported that magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) is a high-performance diagnostic tool for small, depressed gastric cancer. However, an efficient diagnostic strategy using endoscopic findings has not been fully elucidated.

Objective: To identify the endoscopic findings that contribute to accurate diagnosis of small, depressed gastric cancer and to propose the ideal diagnostic approach to such lesions.

Design: Post-hoc analysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Setting: Nine hospitals.

Patients: Three hundred fifty-three patients with small, depressed gastric lesions.

Interventions: In the M-NBI group (n = 177), cancer diagnosis was made with diagnostic criteria including a demarcation line (DL) and an irregular microvascular pattern (IMVP). In the conventional white-light imaging (C-WLI) group (n = 176), diagnostic criteria were both an irregular margin and a spiny depressed area. In the C-WLI group, M-NBI was performed after C-WLI diagnosis.

Main outcome measurements: The diagnostic performance of each criterion in M-NBI alone, C-WLI, and M-NBI after C-WLI was investigated.

Results: M-NBI after C-WLI ultimately showed the best diagnostic performance in each diagnostic criterion. In M-NBI after C-WLI, evaluation of DL is technically easier than that of IMVP, and DL alone had a high sensitivity (95%) and negative predictive value (99%). The IMVP in M-NBI after C-WLI had a high sensitivity and specificity (95% and 96%, respectively) for diagnosis of cancer.

Limitations: Lesions were limited to the small, depressed type.

Conclusions: For a diagnosis using M-NBI after C-WLI, identification of DL is the first step, and subsequent inspection of IMVP diagnosed by DL is an efficient strategy.

Keywords: C-WLI; DL; ESD; IM; IMVP; M-NBI; SDA; conventional white-light imaging; demarcation line; endoscopic submucosal dissection; irregular margin; irregular microvascular pattern; magnifying narrow-band imaging; spiny depressed area.