Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2014 Feb;10(1):112-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.07.005. Epub 2013 Aug 7.

Development of upper tract stones in patients with congenital neurogenic bladder

Heidi A Stephany  1 , Douglass B Clayton  2 , Stacy T Tanaka  3 , John C Thomas  4 , John C Pope 4th  5 , John W Brock 3rd  6 , Mark C Adams  7
Affiliations

Development of upper tract stones in patients with congenital neurogenic bladder

Heidi A Stephany et al. J Pediatr Urol. 2014 Feb.

Abstract

Objective: Patients with neurogenic bladder are at increased risk of developing upper tract stones. We hypothesized that patients with lower urinary tract stone disease are at greater risk of developing upper tract stones.

Methods: We performed a 10-year retrospective case-control study of patients with neurogenic bladder to determine the association between bladder and upper tract stones. Independent risk factors for upper tract stones were assessed. Cases and controls were matched 1:1. Univariable analysis was performed by Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariable logistic regression was performed.

Results: 52 cases and controls were identified. Cases were significantly more likely to be non-ambulatory, have bowel-urinary tract interposition, thoracic level dysraphism, and history of bladder stones. On multivariable analysis, independent predictors of stone formation were male sex (OR 2.82; p = 0.02), dysraphism involving the thoracic spine (OR 3.37; p = 0.014) bowel-urinary tract interposition (OR 2.611; p = 0.038), and a history of bladder stones (OR 3.57; p = 0.015).

Conclusion: Patients with neurogenic bladder are at increased risk for upper tract stones. The presence of bladder stones may herald the development of upper tract stones. The predictors of stone disease identified should guide prospective studies to better understand the natural history of upper tract stone development in this population.

Keywords: Myelomeningocele; Nephrolithiasis; Spinal dysraphism.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Process of identifying cases and controls.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lopez PP, Moreno Valle JA, Espinosa L, Alonso Dorrego JM, Burgos LL, Martinez Urrutia MJ, et al. Enterocystoplasty in children with neuropathic bladders: long-term follow-up. J Pediatr Urol. 2008;4:27–31. - PubMed
    1. Medel R, Ruarte AC, Herrera M, Castera R, Podesta ML. Urinary continence outcome after augmentation ileocystoplasty as a single surgical procedure in patients with myelodysplasia. J Urol. 2002;168:1849–52. - PubMed
    1. Metcalfe PD, Cain MD, Kaefer M, Gilley DA, Meldrum KK, Misseri R, et al. What is the need for additional bladder surgery after bladder augmentation in childhood? J Urol. 2006;176:1801–5. discussion 1805. - PubMed
    1. Palmer LS, Palmer JS, Firlit BM, Firlit CF. Recurrent urolithiasis after augmentation gastrocystoplasty. J Urol. 1998;159:1331–2. - PubMed
    1. DeFoor W, Minevich E, Reddy P, Sekhon D, Polsky E, Wacksman J, et al. Bladder calculi after augmentation cystoplasty: risk factors and prevention strategies. J Urol. 2004;172:1964–6. - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources