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. 2013 Jul 14:2013:484675.
doi: 10.1155/2013/484675. Print 2013.

In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Terminalia paniculata Bark: An Evaluation of Possible Phytoconstituents and Mechanisms for Blood Glucose Control in Diabetes

Subramaniam Ramachandran  1 , Aiyalu Rajasekaran, Natarajan Adhirajan
Affiliations

In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Terminalia paniculata Bark: An Evaluation of Possible Phytoconstituents and Mechanisms for Blood Glucose Control in Diabetes

Subramaniam Ramachandran et al. ISRN Pharmacol. .

Abstract

The present study was aimed to investigate in vivo, in vitro antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) and characterize its possible phytoconstituents responsible for the actions. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin-nicotinamide (65 mg/kg-110 mg/kg; i.p.) administration. Oral treatment of AETPB using rat oral needle at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses significantly (P < 0.001) decreased blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in diabetic rats than diabetic control rats. AETPB-treated diabetic rats body weight, total protein, insulin, and haemoglobin levels were increased significantly (P < 0.001) than diabetic control rats. A significant (P < 0.001) reduction of total cholesterol and triglycerides and increase in high-density lipoprotein levels were observed in type 2 diabetic rats after AETPB administration. Presence of biomarkers gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, and epicatechin in AETPB was confirmed in HPLC analysis. AETPB and gallic acid showed significant (P < 0.001) enhancement of glucose uptake action in presence of insulin in muscle cells than vehicle control. Also AETPB inhibited pancreatic α -amylase and α -glucosidase enzymes. In conclusion, the above actions might be responsible for the antidiabetic activity of AETPB due to presence of gallic acid and other biomarkers.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of AETPB on body weight in STZ-NIC-induced diabetic rats. All data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). a P < 0.001 diabetic control, AETPB 100 and 200 mg/kg, glibenclamide 5 mg/kg compared with control; b P < 0.05 AETPB 100 mg/kg compared with diabetic control; c P < 0.01 AETPB 200 mg/kg compared with diabetic control; d P < 0.001 AETPB 100 mg/kg, AETPB 200 mg/kg, and glibenclamide 5 mg/kg compared with diabetic control.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chromatogram of standard gallic acid.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromatogram of standard catechin and epicatechin.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chromatogram of standard ellagic acid.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chromatogram of AETPB for gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chromatogram of AETPB for ellagic acid.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Proposed multiple mechanisms for AETPB antidiabetic activity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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