Validity of an algorithm to identify osteonecrosis of the jaw in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis in the Danish National Registry of Patients

Abstract

Background: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is an adverse effect of drugs that suppress bone turnover - for example, drugs used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Danish National Registry of Patients (DNRP) is potentially valuable for monitoring ONJ and its prognosis; however, no specific code for ONJ exists in the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10), which is currently used in Denmark. Our aim was to estimate the positive predictive value (PPV) of an algorithm to capture ONJ cases in the DNRP among women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional validation study in the Central and North Denmark Regions, with approximately 1.8 million inhabitants. In total, 54,956 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis were identified from June 1, 2005 through May 31, 2010. To identify women potentially suffering from ONJ, we applied an algorithm based on ICD-10 codes in the DNRP originating from hospital-based departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery (DOMS). ONJ was adjudicated by chart review and defined by the presence of exposed maxillofacial bone for 8 weeks or more, in the absence of recorded history of craniofacial radiation therapy. We estimated the PPV for the overall algorithm and for each separate ICD-10 code used in the algorithm.

Results: Charts were obtained and reviewed for all 60 women with an ICD-10 code potentially representing ONJ. Nineteen potential ONJ cases were confirmed, corresponding to an overall PPV of 32% (95% confidence interval: 20%-45%).

Conclusion: Among women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, only about one-third of the potential ONJ cases identified by our ICD-10 based algorithm were confirmed by medical chart review, despite the restriction to patients treated at DOMS. To capture true ONJ cases among women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, alternative approaches are needed.

Keywords: International Classification of Diseases; bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw; osteonecrosis of the jaw; osteoporosis; registries; validity.