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. 2013 Apr;20(2):163-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.01.004. Epub 2013 Feb 1.

γ Actinorhodin a natural and attorney source for synthetic dye to detect acid production of fungi

Deene Manikprabhu  1 , K Lingappa
Affiliations

γ Actinorhodin a natural and attorney source for synthetic dye to detect acid production of fungi

Deene Manikprabhu et al. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2013 Apr.

Abstract

Colors from natural sources are gaining popularity because synthetic colors are carcinogenic. Natural colors are obtained from plants or microorganisms. Pigments produced by microorganisms have advantages over plant pigments, due to their ease of use and reliability. In the present study, a blue pigment producing actinomycete klmp33 was isolated from the Gulbarga region in India. The isolate was identified based on morphologic, microscopic, and biochemical characterization, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates showed a close relationship with Streptomyces coelicolor. Pigment produced by the isolate was analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis, and was identified as γ actinorhodin. γ-Actinorhodin is used as a pH indicator which deviates from acid to non-acid. Moreover, it subrogates synthetic dye.

Keywords: Blue pigment; Streptomyces coelicolor; Synthetic color; pH indicator; γ Actinorhodin.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic tree of isolate klmp33 and related organisms was aligned based on 16S rRNA sequence (neighbor-joining tree). The sequences have been retrieved from NCBI database. The values at nod represent percentage of 1000 bootstrap replicates. Numbers in bracket represent Gene Bank accession number.
Figure 2
Figure 2
UV–visible spectroscopy of the pigment produced by isolate klmp33 showing maximum absorption at 638 nm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FT-IR spectra of the pigment produced by isolate klmp33.
Figure 4
Figure 4
LC/MS analysis of the pigment produced by isolate klmp33.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structure of γ actinorhodin.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) Control plate inoculated with isolate klmp33 producing blue pigment in basic condition. (B) The pigment remains the same when the test organism is a non-acid producer (Aspergillus flavus MTCC 277). (C) The pigment changes from blue to red when the test organism is an acid producer (Aspergillus niger MTCC 281). (For interpretation of color in this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this article).
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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