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. 2014 Mar;65(3):577-84.
doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.08.012. Epub 2013 Aug 15.

Impact of bone and liver metastases on patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with targeted therapy

Rana R McKay  1 , Nils Kroeger  2 , Wanling Xie  3 , Jae-Lyun Lee  4 , Jennifer J Knox  5 , Georg A Bjarnason  6 , Mary J MacKenzie  7 , Lori Wood  8 , Sandy Srinivas  9 , Ulka N Vaishampayan  10 , Sun-Young Rha  11 , Sumanta K Pal  12 , Frede Donskov  13 , Srinivas K Tantravahi  14 , Brian I Rini  15 , Daniel Y C Heng  16 , Toni K Choueiri  17
Affiliations

Impact of bone and liver metastases on patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with targeted therapy

Rana R McKay et al. Eur Urol. 2014 Mar.

Abstract

Background: The skeleton and liver are frequently involved sites of metastasis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Objective: To analyze outcomes based on the presence of bone metastases (BMs) and/or liver metastases (LMs) in patients with RCC treated with targeted therapy.

Design, setting, and participants: We conducted a review from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) of 2027 patients with metastatic RCC.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: We analyzed the impact of the site of metastasis on overall survival (OS) and time-to-treatment failure. Statistical analyses were performed using multivariable Cox regression.

Results and limitations: The presence of BMs was 34% overall, and when stratified by IMDC risk groups was 27%, 33%, and 43% in the favorable-, intermediate-, and poor-risk groups, respectively (p<0.001). The presence of LMs was 19% overall and higher in the poor-risk patients (23%) compared with the favorable- or intermediate-risk groups (17%) (p=0.003). When patients were classified into four groups based on the presence of BMs and/or LMs, the hazard ratio, adjusted for IMDC risk factors, was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.62) for BMs, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.17-1.73) for LMs, and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.47-2.26) for both BMs and LMs compared with other metastatic sites (p<0.0001). The prediction model performance for OS was significantly improved when BMs and LMs were added to the IMDC prognostic model (likelihood ratio test p<0.0001). Data in this analysis were collected retrospectively.

Conclusions: The presence of BMs and LMs in patients treated with targeted agents has a negative impact on survival. Patients with BMs and/or LMs may benefit from earlier inclusion on clinical trials of novel agents or combination-based therapies.

Keywords: Bone metastases; Liver metastases; Outcome; Renal cell carcinoma; VEGF therapy; mTOR inhibitors.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kaplan-Meier plots of OS by site of metastasis in patients with a single metastatic site (A) and in patients with > 1 metastatic sites (B). Kaplan-Meier plots of TTF by site of metastasis in patients with a single metastatic site (C) and in patients with > 1 metastatic sites (D).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan-Meier plots of OS by site of metastasis in patients with IMDC favorable, intermediate, and poor risk group, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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