Evaluation of spectrum of peripheral neuropathy in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Introduction: Neurological complications secondary to the uremic state, contribute largely to the morbidity and mortality in patients with renal failure. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy remains high in advanced renal dysfunction.

Materials and methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 adult patients of chronic kidney disease between 18 and 75 years of age with serum creatinine greater than 2 mg/dL. Apart from routine examination and baseline investigations, detailed history was elicited pertaining to patients' neurological symptoms, and scored according to the Neurological Symptom Score. Motor nerve conduction velocity was measured from right median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves.

Results: It was observed that neurological symptoms increased steadily with raise in serum creatinine. The mean nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) of right median nerve, ulnar nerve, peroneal nerve, and tibial nerve were 51.34 ± 6.07, 53.04 ± 5.91, 44.72 ± 6.14, and 44.20 ± 5.17, respectively. The NCVs of all the tested nerves decreased significantly with increase in serum creatinine levels (p < 0.01): 70% of the patients had uremic polyneuropathy; 6% had asymptomatic neuropathy, 51% had symptomatic non-disabling neuropathy, while disabling neuropathy was seen in 13% of the patients.

Conclusion: Our data suggests that NCV testing when complimented with meticulous neurological assessment can provide invaluable input. These tests apart from helping us detect neuropathy in advanced renal dysfunction; can also detect the disease in largely asymptomatic patients which avoids the necessity to order for detailed neurophysiological investigation.