Acute encephalitis syndrome surveillance, Kushinagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2011-2012

Abstract

In India, quality surveillance for acute encephalitis syndrome (AES), including laboratory testing, is necessary for understanding the epidemiology and etiology of AES, planning interventions, and developing policy. We reviewed AES surveillance data for January 2011-June 2012 from Kushinagar District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Data were cleaned, incidence was determined, and demographic characteristics of cases and data quality were analyzed. A total of 812 AES case records were identified, of which 23% had illogical entries. AES incidence was highest among boys<6 years of age, and cases peaked during monsoon season. Records for laboratory results (available for Japanese encephalitis but not AES) and vaccination history were largely incomplete, so inferences about the epidemiology and etiology of AES could not be made. The low-quality AES/Japanese encephalitis surveillance data in this area provide little evidence to support development of prevention and control measures, estimate the effect of interventions, and avoid the waste of public health resources.

Keywords: AES; India; JEV; Japanese encephalitis; Japanese encephalitis virus; acute encephalitis syndrome; epidemiology; etiology; surveillance; viruses.

Figure 1

Weekly number of acute encephalitis syndrome cases, by month, in Kushinagar District, Uttar Pradesh State, India, 2011–2012. Numbers are based on data obtained from Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Figure 2

Weekly number of acute encephalitis syndrome cases, by month, in Kushinagar District, Uttar Pradesh State, India, 2011–2012. Numbers represent results of laboratory testing for Japanese encephalitis and are based on data from Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, India. In the key, “awaited” refers to samples that were awaiting laboratory test results.