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Review
. 2013 Aug 20;14(8):17221-37.
doi: 10.3390/ijms140817221.

Environmental stimuli shape biofilm formation and the virulence of periodontal pathogens

Marja T Pöllänen  1 , Annamari Paino, Riikka Ihalin
Affiliations
Review

Environmental stimuli shape biofilm formation and the virulence of periodontal pathogens

Marja T Pöllänen et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting structures. It is initiated by bacteria growing as a biofilm at the gingival margin, and communication of the biofilms differs in health and disease. The bacterial composition of periodontitis-associated biofilms has been well documented and is under continual investigation. However, the roles of several host response and inflammation driven environmental stimuli on biofilm formation is not well understood. This review article addresses the effects of environmental factors such as pH, temperature, cytokines, hormones, and oxidative stress on periodontal biofilm formation and bacterial virulence.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Interactions between periodontal pathogens and host in the subgingival environment.
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