Evaluation of antioxidant and mutagenic activities of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar

Abstract

In vitro chemical properties and antioxidant potential and in vivo mutagenic activity of honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar (HSCAN), a beverage produced from the cashew pseudo-fruit (Anacardium occidentale L.) and of its constituents were assessed. Analytical procedures were carried out to investigate the honey used in the HSCAN preparation, and the results observed are in accordance with Brazilian legal regulations, except for diastase number. HSCAN and pulp were investigated for ascorbic acid, carotenoid, anthocyanin and total phenolic contents, and both showed high acid ascorbic concentrations. Antioxidant capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and/or β-carotene/linoleic acid systems were applied and demonstrated a weak antioxidant capacity of honey and HSCAN, but cashew apple pulp demonstrated high antioxidant capacity. A weakly positive mutagenic effect of cashew pulp 20% was observed using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster only in the high-bioactivation (HB) cross. On the contrary, HSCAN was not mutagenic in both standard and high bioactivation crosses. HSCAN exhibited slight antioxidant activity, which could be associated with the high amount of ascorbic acid found in the samples evaluated. The beverage prepared did not induce DNA damage in somatic cells of D. melanogaster, which means that it is neither mutagenic nor recombinagenic in this test system.

Keywords: 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl; 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol; 50% of radicals scavenging activity; Antioxidant activity; BHT; Cashew apple; DA; DCPIP; DN; DPPH; Drosophila melanogaster; EC50; GAE; HCl; HMF; HSCAN; Honey; IS; Mutagenicity; SCE; SMART; TP; butylated hydroxytoluene; diastase activity; diastase number; gallic acid equivalent; honey-sweetened cashew apple nectar; hydrochloric acid; hydroxymethylfurfural; insoluble solids; sister chromatids exchange; somatic mutation and recombination test; total phenolics.