Prognosis of hospitalised older people with different levels of functioning: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

Background: hospitalised older people are at risk for poor functioning after hospital discharge. We aimed to validate the predictive ability of the Identification Seniors At Risk-Hospitalized Patients (ISAR-HP) screening questionnaire to identify older patients at risk for functional dependence by comparing groups with different ISAR-HP scores on cognitive and physical functioning, mortality, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and loneliness.

Design: a longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Setting: a 450-bed hospital in the Netherlands.

Subjects: four hundred and sixty patients 65 years or older admitted between June 2010 and October 2010.

Methods: participants were classified into five risk groups at hospital admission using the ISAR-HP. We interviewed patients at hospital admission and at 3 and 12 months after admission using validated questionnaires to score HRQoL, physical functioning, cognitive functioning and loneliness. Differences in survival were quantified by a concordance statistic (c).

Results: cognitive functioning, physical functioning, loneliness and HRQoL differed significantly between groups during the 1-year follow-up after hospital admission (all comparisons P < 0.05), with high-risk groups having lower scores than low-risk groups for functioning and loneliness, although not always for HRQoL. The lowest risk group (ISAR-HP = 0) scored consistently higher on functioning and HRQoL than all other groups. Mortality differed significantly between groups (P < 0.001, c = 0.67).

Conclusions: the ISAR-HP can readily distinguish well-functioning older patients from patients with low functioning and low HRQoL after hospital admission. The ISAR-HP may hence assist in selecting patients who may benefit from individually tailored reactivation treatment that is provided next to treatment of their medical condition.

Keywords: HRQoL; functioning; mortality; older patients; older people.