Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2013 Aug 27;10(9):3868-85.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph10093868.

Family process and peer influences on substance use by adolescents

Alice Yuen Loke  1 , Yim-Wah Mak
Affiliations

Family process and peer influences on substance use by adolescents

Alice Yuen Loke et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

This study explores the association of family process and peer influences with risk behaviors of adolescents. A total of 805 students were recruited from secondary schools. The results showed that adolescents who have parents who are "authoritarian" (OR = 1.856) were more likely to smoke. Adolescents who have conflicts with their parents (OR = 1.423) were more likely to drink. Those who have parents who are "permissive" were less likely to drink (OR = 0.885). Having friends who smoked (OR = 5.446) or drank (OR = 1.894), and friends' invitation to smoke (OR = 10.455) or drink (OR = 11.825) were the dominant contributors to adolescent smoking and drinking. Interventions are needed that recognize the strength of the parent-child relationship, as well as strengthen family functioning through improved interpersonal, parenting, and monitoring skills.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Reyna V.F., Farley F. Risk and rationality in adolescent decision making: Implications for theory, practice, and public policy. Psychol. Sci. Public Interes. 2006;7:1–44. - PubMed
    1. Centre for Health Protection. Child Health Survey: 2005–2006. Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health, HKSAR. 2009. [(accessed on 20 January 2010)]. Available online: http://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/chs_0506_eng.pdf.
    1. Pergamit M.R., Huang L., Lane J. The Long Term Impact of Adolescent Risky Behaviors and Family Environment. ASPE, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Washington, DC, USA: 2001. [(accessed on 6 September 2012)]. Available online: http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/riskybehav01.
    1. Swain C.R., Ackerman L.K., Ackerman M.A. The influence of individual characteristics and contraceptive beliefs on parent-teen sexual communications: A structural model. J. Adolesc. Health. 2006;38:753.e9–753.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.08.015. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hynie M., Lalond R.N., Lee N.S. Parent-child value transmission among Chinese immigrants to North American: The case of traditional mate preferences. Cult. Divers. Ethnic Minor. Psychol. 2006;12:230–244. doi: 10.1037/1099-9809.12.2.230. - DOI - PubMed