Updates on Antiobesity Effect of Garcinia Origin (-)-HCA

Abstract

Garcinia is a plant under the family of Clusiaceae that is commonly used as a flavouring agent. Various phytochemicals including flavonoids and organic acid have been identified in this plant. Among all types of organic acids, hydroxycitric acid or more specifically (-)-hydroxycitric acid has been identified as a potential supplement for weight management and as antiobesity agent. Various in vivo studies have contributed to the understanding of the anti-obesity effects of Garcinia/hydroxycitric acid via regulation of serotonin level and glucose uptake. Besides, it also helps to enhance fat oxidation while reducing de novo lipogenesis. However, results from clinical studies showed both negative and positive antiobesity effects of Garcinia/hydroxycitric acid. This review was prepared to summarise the update of chemical constituents, significance of in vivo/clinical anti-obesity effects, and the importance of the current market potential of Garcinia/hydroxycitric acid.

Figure 1

Possible multiple mechanisms that contribute to antiobesity effect of Garcinia/HCA. ↑ indicated increase or stimulation; ↓ indicated reduce or inhibition while ?? indicated that the effect is yet to be confirmed. (A) summary of Serotonin regulation and food intake suppression; (B) summary of reduction of de novo lipogenesis; (C) summary of stimulation on fat oxidation; (D) summary of reduce on glucose intake; (A) and (B) contribute to the weight management effect of Garcinia/HCA while (B) and (C) contribute to antiobesity of Garcinia/HCA.