Sizing up Septoria

Abstract

Septoria represents a genus of plant pathogenic fungi with a wide geographic distribution, commonly associated with leaf spots and stem cankers of a broad range of plant hosts. A major aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic generic limits of Septoria, Stagonospora, and other related genera such as Sphaerulina, Phaeosphaeria and Phaeoseptoria using sequences of the the partial 28S nuclear ribosomal RNA and RPB2 genes of a large set of isolates. Based on these results Septoria is shown to be a distinct genus in the Mycosphaerellaceae, which has mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs. Several septoria-like species are now accommodated in Sphaerulina, a genus previously linked to this complex. Phaeosphaeria (based on P. oryzae) is shown to be congeneric with Phaeoseptoria (based on P. papayae), which is reduced to synonymy under the former. Depazea nodorum (causal agent of nodorum blotch of cereals) and Septoria avenae (causal agent of avenae blotch of barley and rye) are placed in a new genus, Parastagonospora, which is shown to be distinct from Stagonospora (based on S. paludosa) and Phaeosphaeria. Partial nucleotide sequence data for five gene loci, ITS, LSU, EF-1α, RPB2 and Btub were generated for all of these isolates. A total of 47 clades or genera were resolved, leading to the introduction of 14 new genera, 36 new species, and 19 new combinations.

Taxonomic novelties: New genera - Acicuseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Cylindroseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Kirstenboschia Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neostagonospora Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Parastagonospora Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Polyphialoseptoria Quaedvlieg, R.W. Barreto, Verkley & Crous, Ruptoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Septorioides Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Setoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stromatoseptoria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Vrystaatia Quaedvlieg, W.J. Swart, Verkley & Crous, Xenobotryosphaeria Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Xenoseptoria Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous. New species - Acicuseptoria rumicis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Caryophylloseptoria pseudolychnidis Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Coniothyrium sidae Quaedvlieg, Verkley, R.W. Barreto & Crous, Corynespora leucadendri Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Cylindroseptoria ceratoniae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Cylindroseptoria pistaciae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Kirstenboschia diospyri Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neoseptoria caricis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neostagonospora caricis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Neostagonospora elegiae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Paraphoma dioscoreae Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Parastagonospora caricis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Parastagonospora poae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Phlyctema vincetoxici Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Polyphialoseptoria tabebuiae-serratifoliae Quaedvlieg, Alfenas & Crous, Polyphialoseptoria terminaliae Quaedvlieg, R.W. Barreto, Verkley & Crous, Pseudoseptoria collariana Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Pseudoseptoria obscura Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sclerostagonospora phragmiticola Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Septoria cretae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Septoria glycinicola Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Septoria oenanthicola Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Septoria pseudonapelli Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Setophoma chromolaenae Quaedvlieg, Verkley, R.W. Barreto & Crous, Setoseptoria phragmitis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina amelanchier Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina pseudovirgaureae Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina viciae Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous, Stagonospora duoseptata Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stagonospora perfecta Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stagonospora pseudocaricis Quaedvlieg, Verkley, Gardiennet & Crous, Stagonospora pseudovitensis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stagonospora uniseptata Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Vrystaatia aloeicola Quaedvlieg, Verkley, W.J. Swart & Crous, Xenobotryosphaeria calamagrostidis Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi Quaedvlieg, H.D. Shin, Verkley & Crous. New combinations - Parastagonospora avenae (A.B. Frank) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Parastagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Phaeosphaeria papayae (Speg.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Pseudocercospora domingensis (Petr. & Cif.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Ruptoseptoria unedonis (Roberge ex Desm.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Septorioides pini-thunbergii (S. Kaneko) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina abeliceae (Hiray.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina azaleae (Voglino) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina berberidis (Niessl) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina betulae (Pass.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina cercidis (Fr.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina menispermi (Thüm.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina musiva (Peck) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina oxyacanthae (Kunze & J.C. Schmidt) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina patriniae (Miura) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina populicola (Peck) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina quercicola (Desm.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Sphaerulina rhabdoclinis (Butin) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous, Stromatoseptoria castaneicola (Desm.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley & Crous. Typifications: Epitypifications - Phaeosphaeria oryzae I. Miyake, Phaeoseptoria papayae Speg.; Neotypification - Hendersonia paludosa Sacc. & Speg.

Keywords: Capnodiales; Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST); Mycosphaerella; Mycosphaerellaceae; Phaeoseptoria; Phaeosphaeria; Phaeosphaeriaceae; Pleosporales; Septoria; Sphaerulina; Stagonospora; systematics.

Fig. 1.

A Bayesian 50 % majority rule RPB2/LSU consensus tree containing all Septoria and septoria-like taxa available at the CBS, which cluster in or near the Mycosphaerellaceae. Bayesian posterior probabilities support values for the respective nodes are displayed in the tree. A stop rule (set to 0.01) for the critical value for the topological convergence diagnostic was used for the Bayesian analysis. The tree was rooted to Phaeosphaeria nodorum (CBS 259.49). The scalebar indicates 0.1 expected changes per site.

Fig. 1.

A Bayesian 50 % majority rule RPB2/LSU consensus tree containing all Septoria and septoria-like taxa available at the CBS, which cluster in or near the Mycosphaerellaceae. Bayesian posterior probabilities support values for the respective nodes are displayed in the tree. A stop rule (set to 0.01) for the critical value for the topological convergence diagnostic was used for the Bayesian analysis. The tree was rooted to Phaeosphaeria nodorum (CBS 259.49). The scalebar indicates 0.1 expected changes per site.

Fig. 1.

A Bayesian 50 % majority rule RPB2/LSU consensus tree containing all Septoria and septoria-like taxa available at the CBS, which cluster in or near the Mycosphaerellaceae. Bayesian posterior probabilities support values for the respective nodes are displayed in the tree. A stop rule (set to 0.01) for the critical value for the topological convergence diagnostic was used for the Bayesian analysis. The tree was rooted to Phaeosphaeria nodorum (CBS 259.49). The scalebar indicates 0.1 expected changes per site.

Fig. 1.

A Bayesian 50 % majority rule RPB2/LSU consensus tree containing all Septoria and septoria-like taxa available at the CBS, which cluster in or near the Mycosphaerellaceae. Bayesian posterior probabilities support values for the respective nodes are displayed in the tree. A stop rule (set to 0.01) for the critical value for the topological convergence diagnostic was used for the Bayesian analysis. The tree was rooted to Phaeosphaeria nodorum (CBS 259.49). The scalebar indicates 0.1 expected changes per site.

Fig. 1.

A Bayesian 50 % majority rule RPB2/LSU consensus tree containing all Septoria and septoria-like taxa available at the CBS, which cluster in or near the Mycosphaerellaceae. Bayesian posterior probabilities support values for the respective nodes are displayed in the tree. A stop rule (set to 0.01) for the critical value for the topological convergence diagnostic was used for the Bayesian analysis. The tree was rooted to Phaeosphaeria nodorum (CBS 259.49). The scalebar indicates 0.1 expected changes per site.

Fig. 2.

A Bayesian 50 % majority rule RPB2/LSU consensus tree containing all Septoria and septoria-like taxa available at the CBS, which cluster in or near the Phaeosphaeriaceae. Bayesian posterior probabilities support values for the respective nodes are displayed in the tree. A stop rule (set to 0.01) for the critical value for the topological convergence diagnostic was used for the Bayesian analysis. The tree was rooted to Dothistroma pini (CBS 121005). The scalebar indicates 0.01 expected changes per site.

Fig. 2.

A Bayesian 50 % majority rule RPB2/LSU consensus tree containing all Septoria and septoria-like taxa available at the CBS, which cluster in or near the Phaeosphaeriaceae. Bayesian posterior probabilities support values for the respective nodes are displayed in the tree. A stop rule (set to 0.01) for the critical value for the topological convergence diagnostic was used for the Bayesian analysis. The tree was rooted to Dothistroma pini (CBS 121005). The scalebar indicates 0.01 expected changes per site.

Fig. 3.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Cytostagonospora photiniicola (redrawn from Sutton 1980). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 4.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Dearnessia apocyni (F43227). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 5.

Dearnessia apocyni (F43227). A. Leaf spot. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 6.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Jahniella bohemica (redrawn from Sutton 1980). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 7.

Jahniella bohemica [K(M) 180917]. A. Vertical section through conidioma. B. Ostiolar region with loose cells. C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 8.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Megaloseptoria mirabilis (MA-Fungi 6978-1). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 9.

Megaloseptoria mirabilis (MA-Fungi 6978-1). A. Conidiomata on host tissue. B. Conidiogenous cells. C. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 10.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Septoria cytisi (BPI USO 378994). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 11.

Septoria cytisi (BPI USO 378994). A. Leaf with symptoms. B. Close-up of leaf spot with conidiomata. C, D. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 12.

Stenocarpella maydis (top) and S. macrospora (bottom) (redrawn from Sutton 1980). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 13.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Asteromidium imperspicuum (redrawn from Sutton 1980). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 14.

Asteromidium imperspicuum [K(M) 180228]. A. Conidiomata on host surface. B. Section through conidioma. C, D. Conidiogenous cells and conidia. Scale bars: B = 75 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 15.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Pseudocercospora domingensis (NY No 01048475). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 16.

Pseudocercospora domingensis (NY No 01048475). A. Leaf spot. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 17.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Phloeosporella ceanothi (redrawn from Sutton 1980). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 18.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Phlyctaeniella humuli (IMI 202260) (redrawn from Sutton 1980). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 19.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Septocyta ramealis (PDD 51271). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 20.

Septocyta ramealis (PDD 51271). A. Conidiomata on host tissue. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 21.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Stictosepta cupularis (redrawn from Sutton 1980). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 22.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Septoria cretae (CBS 135095). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 23.

Septoria cretae (CBS 135095). A. Colony sporulating in culture. B-F. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. G. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 24.

Septoria glycinicola (CBS 128618). A, B. Colonies sporulating on PDA. C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 25.

Septoria oenanthicola (CBS 128649). A. Colony sporulating on MEA. B. Section through conidiomata. C-G. Conidiogenous cells. H. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 200 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 26.

Septoria pseudonapelli (CBS 128664). A. Colony sporulating on PDA. B. Section through conidioma. C-E. Conidiogenous cells. F. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 125 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 27.

Conidia, conidiogenous cells, ascospore and ascus of Sphaerulina amelanchier (CBS 135110). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 28.

Sphaerulina amelanchier (CBS 135110). A. Colony on PDA. B. Conidiogenous cells. C. Ascomata on host tissue. D. Germinating ascospore. E, F. Asci. G. Ascospores. H. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 29.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Sphaerulina oxyacanthae (CBS 135098). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 30.

Sphaerulina oxyacanthae (CBS 135098). A. Leaves with leaf spots. B. Close-up of conidiomata. C. Section though conidioma. D-F. Conidiogenous cells. G. Conidia (note appendages). Scale bars: C = 150 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 31.

Conidia, conidiogenous loci on a hypha, and conidiogenous cells of Sphaerulina pseudovirgaureae (CBS 135109). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 32.

Sphaerulina pseudovirgaureae (CBS 135109). A. Conidiomata forming in culture. B. Conidiogenous cells. C. Microcyclic conidiation. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 33.

Ascospores and asci of Sphaerulina quercicola (CBS 113266). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 34.

Sphaerulina quercicola (CBS 663.94). A. Leaves with leaf spots. B. Close-up of lesion. C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 35.

Sphaerulina rhabdoclinis (CBS 102195). A. Conidiomata forming in culture. B. Sporulation on PDA. C. Conidia. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 36.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Sphaerulina viciae (CBS 131898). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 37.

Sphaerulina viciae (CBS 131898). A. Conidiomata forming in culture. B, C, E. Conidiogenous cells. D, F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 38.

Caryophylloseptoria pseudolychnidis (CBS 128630). A. Colony sporulating on MEA. B. Vertical section through conidiomata. C, D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bar: B = 250 μm, others = 10 μm.

Fig. 39.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Phloeospora ulmi (CBS 613.81). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 40.

Phloeospora ulmi (CBS 613.81). A, B, D, E. Conidiomata bursting through host tissue. G, H. Microconidiogenous cells. K. Spermatia. C, F, I, J, L. Macroconidiogenous cells (arrows denote percurrent proliferation). M. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 41.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Neoseptoria caricis (CBS 135097). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 42.

Neoseptoria caricis (CBS 135097). A, B. Conidiomata developing in culture. C, D. Conidiogenous cells. E, F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 43.

Stromatoseptoria castaneicola (CBS 102320). A. Colony sporulating on MEA. B. Stroma giving rise to conidiogenous cells. C, D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 200 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 44.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Cytostagonospora martiniana (CBS 135102). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 45.

Cytostagonospora martiniana (CBS 135102). A. Leaf spot. B. Conidiomata forming in culture. C-F. Conidiogenous cells. G. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 46.

Conidia and conidiogenous loci on hypha of Polyphialoseptoria tabebuiae-serratifoliae (CBS 112650). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 47.

Polyphialoseptoria tabebuiae-serratifoliae (CBS 112650). A. Conidiomata forming in culture. B. Conidiogenous cells. C. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 48.

Polyphialoseptoria terminaliae (CBS 135106). A. Leaves with leaf spots. B, C. Conidiomata sporulating in culture. D-F. Conidiogenous cells and loci. G. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 49.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Ruptoseptoria unedonis (CBS 355.86). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 50.

Ruptoseptoria unedonis (CBS 355.86). A, C. Conidiomata forming in culture. B, D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 450 μm, C = 110 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 51.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Cylindroseptoria ceratoniae (CBS 477.69). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 52.

Cylindroseptoria ceratoniae (CBS 477.69). A, B. Conidiomata forming in culture. C, D. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. E. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 45 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 53.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Cylindroseptoria pistaciae (CBS 471.69). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 54.

Cylindroseptoria pistaciae (CBS 471.69). A, B. Conidiomata sporulating in culture. C, D. Intercalary chains of chlamydospore-like cells. E, F. Conidiogenous cells. G, H. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 55.

Pseudoseptoria collariana (CBS 135104). A, B. Colonies sporulating in culture. C-F. Conidiogenous cells with prominent collarettes. G, H. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 400 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 56.

Pseudoseptoria obscura (CBS 135103). A, B. Colony sporulating in culture. C. Chlamydospore-like cells developing. D, E. Conidiogenous cells. F-H. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 250 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 57.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Parastagonospora caricis (CBS H-21304). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 58.

Parastagonospora caricis (CBS H-21304). A. Colony sporulating in culture. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 59.

Parastagonospora nodorum (CBS H-13909). A, C. Ascomata and conidiomata forming in culture. B, D, F. Asci with ascospores. E, G. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 60.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Parastagonospora poae (CBS 135091). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 61.

Parastagonospora poae (CBS 135091). A, B. Conidiomata forming in culture. C-E. Conidiogenous cells. F, G. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 62.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Neostagonospora caricis (CBS 135092). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 63.

Neostagonospora caricis (CBS 135092). A. Conidioma forming in culture. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 64.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Neostagonospora elegiae (CBS 135101). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 65.

Neostagonospora elegiae (CBS 135101). A. Conidioma forming in culture. B-D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 150 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 66.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata (CBS 653.86). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 67.

Phaeosphaeriopsis glaucopunctata (CBS 653.86). A. Colony on MEA. B. Colony on OA. C-F. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. G. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm

Fig. 68.

Sclerostagonospora phragmiticola (CBS 338.86). A. Colony sporulating in culture. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 69.

Asci and ascospores of Phaeosphaeria oryzae (BPI 744438). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 70.

Phaeosphaeria oryzae (BPI 744438). A. Ascomata on host tissue. B-G. Asci. H. Ascospores. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 71.

Conidia, ascospores and ascus of Phaeosphaeria papayae (CBS H-21310). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 72.

Phaeosphaeria papayae (CBS H-21310). A. Leaf spot. B. Conidioma with ostiole (arrow). C-E. Conidiogenous cells. F. Conidia. G-K. Asci and ascospores. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 73.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Paraphoma dioscoreae (CBS 135100). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 74.

Paraphoma dioscoreae (CBS 135100). A. Conidioma forming in culture. B-E. Conidiogenous cells. F. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 350 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 75.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi (CBS 128665). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 76.

Xenoseptoria neosaccardoi (CBS 128665). A, B. Pycnidia forming in culture. C-E. Conidiogenous cells. F, G. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 170 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 77.

Macro- and microconidia and conidiogenous cells of Vrystaatia aloeicola (CBS 135107). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 78.

Vrystaatia aloeicola (CBS 135107). A. Conidiomata sporulating on PDA, with characteristic orange conidial cirrhi. B-D. Conidiogenous cells. E, F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 79.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Setophoma chromolaenae (CBS 135105). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 80.

Setophoma chromolaenae (CBS 135105). A. Conidiomata forming on OA. B, C, F. Conidiomata with setae. D, E. Conidiogenous cells. G. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 22 μm, C, F = 45 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 81.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Coniothyrium sidae (CBS 135108). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 82.

Coniothyrium sidae (CBS 135108). A-E. Conidiomata forming in culture, showing setae. F, G. Conidiogenous cells. H. Conidia. I-K. Asci and ascospores. Scale bars: B, D, E = 100 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 83.

Ascospores and asci of Xenobotryosphaeria calamagrostidis (CBS 303.71). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 84.

Xenobotryosphaeria calamagrostidis (CBS 303.71). A, C. Ascomata forming in culture. E, G. broken wall with asci. B, D, F. Asci. H. Ascospores. Scale bars: C = 45 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 85.

Acicuseptoria rumicis (CBS 522.78). A. Conidiomata sporulating in culture. B-E. Conidiogenous cells. F, G. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 86.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Stagonospora duoseptata (CBS 135093). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 87.

Stagonospora duoseptata (CBS 135093). A. Conidiomata forming in culture. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 88.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Stagonospora paludosa (CBS 135088). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 89.

Stagonospora paludosa (CBS 135088). A, B. Conidiomata forming in culture. C, D. Conidiogenous cells. E, F. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 400 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 90.

Conidia, conidiogenous cells and ascus with ascospores of Stagonospora perfecta (CBS 135099). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 91.

Stagonospora perfecta (CBS 135099). A. Conidiomata forming in culture. B. Ascomata forming in culture. C-F, I, J. Asci and pseudoparaphyses. G, H. Conidiogenous cells. K. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 300 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 92.

Conidia of Stagonospora pseudocaricis (CBS 135132). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 93.

Stagonospora pseudocaricis (CBS 135132). A. Conidiomata forming in culture. B, C. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 94.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Stagonospora pseudovitensis (CBS 135094). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 95.

Stagonospora pseudovitensis (CBS 135094). A. Conidiomata forming in culture. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 96.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Stagonospora uniseptata (CBS 135090). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 97.

Stagonospora uniseptata (CBS 135090). A. Conidiomata sporulating in culture. B. Conidiogenous cells. C. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 98.

Conidia and conidiogenous loci of Corynespora leucadendri (CBS 135133). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 99.

Corynespora leucadendri (CBS 135133). A-C. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 100.

Setoseptoria phragmitis (CBS 114802). Conidioma sporulating in culture. B. Setae. C, D. Conidiogenous cells. E. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 101.

Septorioides pini-thunbergii (CBS 473.91). A. Colony sporulating on PDA. B. Spermatia. C-E. Conidiogenous cells. F. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 102.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Phlyctema vincetoxici (CBS 123727). Scale bar = 10 μm.

Fig. 103.

Phlyctema vincetoxici (CBS 123727). A. Colonies forming on OA. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 104.

Conidia and conidiogenous cells of Kirstenboschia diospyri (CBS 134911). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 105.

Kirstenboschia diospyri (CBS 134911). A. Conidiomata forming in culture. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 300 μm, all others = 10 μm.

Fig. 106.

Macro- and microconidia and conidiogenous cells of Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum (CBS 111689). Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 107.

Phlogicylindrium eucalyptorum (CBS 111689). A. Colony on OA. B, E. Microcyclic conidiation with macro- and macroconidia. C. Macroconidiogenous cells. D. Microconidia. F. Macroconidia. Scale bars = 10 μm.