A forgotten aspect of the NICE reference case: an observational study of the health related quality of life impact on caregivers of people with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Background: There are few published health technology assessments that have included the impact of a disease or treatment on caregivers' health related quality of life (HRQL). The objectives of this study were to explore the overall HRQL of caregivers of people with Multiple Sclerosis compared to matched controls, and more specifically explore the impact of different levels of functioning in people with MS on caregivers' HRQL scores.

Methods: A cross sectional observational study conducted as an online survey was undertaken in the UK. 200 caregivers of people with MS and 200 matched controls completed the EQ-5D, SF-36, HADS and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Caregivers also completed the Patient Determined Disease Steps questionnaire as a measure of MS severity. Differences in HRQL between caregivers and controls were assessed using t-tests and chi square analyses as appropriate. Ordinary Least Squares regression was also used to evaluate the disutility of being a caregiver compared to controls stratified by MS severity.

Results: Caregivers reported significantly lower HRQL, as measured by the SF-36, HADS and EQ-5D, compared to matched controls. A lower level of functioning in people with MS was mirrored by lower levels of caregivers' HRQL. At the point at which mobility problems required wheelchair use caregivers reported better HRQL.

Conclusions: The potential impact of caregiving on HRQL is an important consideration for economic evaluations. In relation to MS, the results suggest that caregiver's HRQL deteriorates as the people with MS lose functioning; thus treatments that delay loss of function may have a benefit for caregivers as well as patients.

Figure 1

SF-36 and HADS descriptive statistics and between groups analysis. (royal purple bar) SF – 36 control mean, (lavender bar) SF – 36 caregiver mean, (dark olive green bar) HADS control mean, and (pistachio bar) HADS caregiver mean. PCS = physical component summary, MCS = mental component summary, GH = general health domain, VT = vitality domain, SF = social functioning domain, PF = physical functioning domain, RE = role emotional, RP = role physical, MH = mental health domain, BP = bodily pain domain. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Figure 2

EQ-5D utility decrement associated with caregivers compared to controls by MS severity level (error bars represent 1.96 × SE).