[Update and review of oral lichen planus]

Abstract

Lichen planus is a chronic mucucutaneous disease affecting the oral cavity in up to 2% of the population. It has variable oral manifestations, may be asymptomatic or accompanied by severe pain. It has features which are similar to autoimmune diseases although its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Stress is associated with exacerbations and dental materials and/or medications can cause lichenoid reactions. Some reports link hepatitis C with the condition. The chronic nature of the disease, its occasional severity, the fact it is considered a pre-malignant condition, together with its prevalence, make it essential for the general dentist to be aware and informed about it. The dentist's role is important at all stages includes a thorough clinical examination, identification pathological lesions, and following diagnosis, regular dental treatment and minimization of exacerbations. A specialist should be consulted regarding diagnosis and ongoing dental treatments. The specialist will add local or systemic treatments as needed and provide long-term follow-up in order to diagnose malignant changes as quickly as possible.