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. 2013 Sep 4;8(9):e73811.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073811. eCollection 2013.

The power of the claw

Bruce M Rothschild  1 , Bill Bryant, Christopher Hubbard, Kent Tuxhorn, Ginny Penn Kilgore, Larry Martin, Virginia Naples
Affiliations

The power of the claw

Bruce M Rothschild et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Scratches on bones have routinely been attributed to tooth marks (a predominantly untested speculation), ignoring the effects of claws, perhaps because of the general assumption that claws are too soft to damage bone. However, some pathologies appears to be more compatible with claw rather than tooth impacts. Therefore, it is critical to determine if the claws of any animal are capable of scratching into the surface of any bone--a test and proof of concept. A tiger enrichment program was used to document actual bone damage unequivocally caused by claws, by assuring that the tiger had access to bones only by using its paws (claws). The spectrum of mechanisms causing bone damage was expanded by evidentiary analysis of claw-induced pathology. While static studies suggested that nails/claws could not disrupt bone, specific tiger enrichment activities documented that bones were susceptible to damage from the kinetic energy effect of the striking claw. This documents an expanded differential consideration for scratch marks on bone and evidences the power of the claw.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Bovid femur bolted in log, accessible to paws, but not jaws.
Bar equals 10 cm.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Macroscopic view of scratches.
Documentation of claw-produced scratches. Bar equals 5 cm.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Low power microscopic view of several scratches on the bone surface.
Bar equals 1 cm.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Scanning electron microscopic image of shallow gouge produced by tiger claw.
Bar equals 10 microns.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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