Obesity in american Indian and mexican american men and women: associations with blood pressure and cardiovascular autonomic control

Abstract

Obesity is a serious public health problem, especially in some minority communities, and it has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. While obesity is a serious health concern in both American Indian and Mexican American populations, the relationship between obesity and cardiac autonomic control in these two populations is not well understood. The present study in a selected sample of American Indians and Mexican Americans assessed associations between obesity, blood pressure (BP), and cardiovascular autonomic control. Cardiovascular autonomic control, systolic and diastolic mean BP, and body mass index were obtained from one hundred thirty-two American Indian and Mexican American men and women who are literate in English and are residing legally in San Diego County. Men had a significant greater systolic and diastolic BP and were more likely to develop systolic prehypertension and hypertension than women. Obese participants showed greater mean heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic BP than nonobese participants. Obese men also exhibited greater cardiac sympathetic activity and lower cardiovagal control than obese women. These results suggest that obesity and gender differences in cardiovascular autonomic control may contribute to risk for cardiovascular disorders in this sample of American Indians and Mexican Americans.

Figure 1

Obese participants showed a significant increase in HR (a), systolic BP (b), and diastolic BP (c) than nonobese participants. *P < 0.05.

Figure 2

Men showed a significantly greater systolic BP (b) and diastolic BP (c), but not HR, than women. *P < 0.05.

Figure 3

Obese men exhibited a significantly greater cardiac sympathetic index (CSI) than obese women (a). Obese men exhibited a significantly reduced cardiovagal control (RSA) than nonobese men and obese women (b). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.